斑马舒服04-07 22:20
文化隐喻
咬牙切齿 grit one's teeth
风雨同舟 to sail in the same boat
铁石心肠 have a heart of stone
如火如荼 like a raging fire
如坐针毡 on pins and needles
推心置腹 to bare one's heart
人山人海 a sea of people
浑水摸鱼 to fish in muddy/troubled waters
水深火热 in deep water
剑拔弩张 at daggers drawn
吞云吐雾 to blow a cloud
破釜沉舟 burn one's boats/bridges
杀鸡取卵 kill thegoose（山羊）to get the eggs
昙花一现 a flash in a pan
打开板壁说亮话 let's be frank and put all our cards on the table 其实就是我们开诚布公地说，把牌摊开来说
说曹操曹操到 talk thedevil（魔鬼）and he wil appear
山中没老虎，猴子称霸王 among the blind the one-eyed man is king 盲人里有一只眼睛能看见的就可以当王了
物不平则鸣injustice will cry out
擀面杖吹火——一窍不通 it just does not work
就只翻译出来这个歇后语的意思
比喻：直译，不需要进行转换
花钱如流水 spend money like water
借用
have one foot in the grave风烛残年
非常形象，一只脚已经在墓里
as dumb as an oyster
my lips are sealed 守口如瓶
原文暗喻，可译明喻。
概率化或者释义只译出喻义
助纣为虐=拍马屁curry favor 教唆abet
所以翻译成abet sb. to curry favor
轻徭薄赋low tax rates 循环往复 a spiral
四面楚歌 be besieged 天时地利人和all necessary conditions
注意：有时只需要翻译出一半的意思
扭亏为盈go into black男尊女卑 male superiority
英译汉要保留英语的意思
汉译英常常采用替换隐喻，因为西方读者对中国文化不熟悉
动物谚语：
虎毒不食子 Dog doesn’t eat dog狗不吃狗好记吧？
鹬蚌相争渔翁得利If the shepherds quarrel，the wolf has a winning game
爱屋及乌Love me ，love the dog又是狗
拦路虎a lion in the way
瓮中之鳖a rat in a hole老鼠在洞中
同义词替换
品尝 taste/sample
支持 support/prop up(过去分词双写p)/shore up
充分考虑 take sth. into consideration
give careful thought to
设定,开设launch/set up/establish/open
建立founding（国家某种体制）/establishment
保证 secure/ensure/guarantee
形成 shape/form/develop/bring into existence
行为方式 code/pattern of behavior
进而go on to/further
转型transition/transformation/shift
教堂cathedral/chapel 教会church
知识分子intellectual/well-educated/academic
自我主义egoism 超自我superego
儒家经典/传统 the classics/tradition of Confucianism
气象学meteorology
霜frost 冰雹hail 暴风雪blizzard
雾haze/fog（烟尘）/mist（薄雾）
精神状态state of mind，mind人的思维，外国人常用“脑”来表示精神
spirit与宗教有关
philosophy/idea理念（比如十九大理念）
above正上方 over悬在上方
效益 profit/returns/performance/gains
违背violate/go against
领域area/realm
表明claim/make the point that
消除dispel/eliminate/get rid of/eradicate
investment有回报的投资spending投入
跨越式发展make a great leap forward
frog-leap development
make a stride
缓和mitigate/diminish/alleviate/soften/ease/reduce
减贫 alleviate/reduce
缩减开支cut/reduce expense
缩紧腰带tighten one's belts
生育权 reproductive right/right of fertility（繁殖
生存survival（生死存亡）subsistence（生存权！right to subsistence）
灭亡perish
文明人well-educated文明城市/社会 civilized
打破平衡 upset/disrupt
竞争对手rival/arch Rival/competitor
worm蠕动的虫 pest害虫 insect昆虫（大类有翅的）
咬gnaw/nibble小口/bite大口
吃不下饭spoil my appetite/have no appetite
化妆品cosmetic/makeup
以..为代价at the cost/price of
计划生育 family planning/birth control
发展的上升阶段 keep booming
on the rise
in full bloom
论证 argument/validation
决定因素determinant/decisive factor
困扰 nag/pester
监测watch/monitor
呼声appeal/voice
fair小型会expo博览会（exposition）exhibition展览会
大国large/major great 有伟大的国家的意思
加上plus/along/together with（数字才可以做数学运算）
抢占空间 squeeze 挤压 exploit掠夺
都可以加上space表示抢占空间
成比例地 proportionally/exponentially
中等收入middle-income medium-income
处于...前列rank the top front
rank among the top of
引起社会很大的反响make a big splash
be thrown into spotlight
充分开发 tap/develop full potential of
充分调动bring sth. into full play
充分利用make sth. into full use
生理的 physical/physiological
有效进行 is underway/getting under way
很少用carry out 这是执行的意思
炯炯有神bright/gleaming
瘦长的：slender（男性）slim（女性）
专业的，专家的 professional，expertise
专门的specialized
加速accelerate the rate加快速率
quicken the pace 加快步伐
高度重视highlight
give a high/top priority to
attach great importance to
稚嫩 immaturitynaivety
补助subsidy/allowance
承担shoulder/take on
较大幅度地greatly/significantly
这里是小雯
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