葬花吟赏析
[注释]
1.飞满天——庚辰本作“花满天”,但细看“花”字是后来的改笔,原抄是两小点,表示与上一“飞”字相同。故从甲戌、戚序本。这两句或受李贺诗“飞香走红满天春”(《上云乐》)的启发。
2.榭——筑在台上的房子。
3.絮——柳絮,柳花。
4.无释处——没有排遣的地方。
5.把——拿。
6.忍——岂忍。
7.榆荚——榆树的实。榆未生叶时先生荚,色白,像是成串的钱,俗称榆钱。芳菲——花草香茂。
8.“洒上”句——与两个传说有关:一、湘妃哭舜,泣血染竹枝成斑。所以黛玉号“潇湘妃子”。二、蜀帝魂化杜鹃鸟,啼血染花枝,花即杜鹃花。所以下句接言“杜鹃”。
9.奴——我,女子的自称。底——何,什么。
10.知是——哪里知道是……还是……。
11.香丘——香坟,指花冢。以花拟人,所以下句用“艳骨”。
12.一抔——一捧。因《汉书》中曾用“取长陵一抔土”来表示开掘陵墓,后人(如唐代骆宾王)就以“一抔之土”称坟墓,这里用以指花冢。
13.污淖——被污秽的泥水所弄脏。
花谢花飞花满天,红消香断有谁怜?
游丝软系飘春榭,落絮轻沾扑绣帘;
The blossoms fade and falling fill the air,
Of fragrance and bright hues bereft and bare.
Floss drifts and flutters round the Maiden`s bower,
Or softly strikes against her curtained door.
闺中女儿惜春暮,愁绪满怀无释处;
手把花锄出绣闺,忍踏落花来复去?
The Maid ,grieved by these signs of spring`s decease,
Seeking some means her sorrow to express,
Has rake in hand into the garden gone,
Before the fallen flowers are trampled on.
柳丝榆荚自芳菲,不管桃飘与李飞;
桃李明年能再发,明年闺中知有谁?
Elm-pods and willow-floss are fragrant too;
Why care,Maid,where the fallen flowers blew?
Next year ,when peach and plum-tree bloom again,
Which of your sweet companions will remain?
三月香巢已垒成,梁间燕子太无情!
明年花发虽可啄,却不道人去梁空巢也倾。
This spring the heartless swallow built his nest
Beneath the eaves of mud with flowers compressed.
Next year the flowers will blossom as before,
But swallow ,nest ,and Maid will be no more.
一年三百六十日,风刀霜剑严相逼;
明媚鲜妍能几时,一朝飘泊难寻觅。
Three hundred and three-score the year`s full tale:
From swords of frost and from the slaughtering gale
How can the lovely flowers long stay intact,
Or, once loosed,from their drifting fate draw back?
花开易见落难寻,阶前闷杀葬花人;
独倚花锄泪暗洒,洒上空枝见血痕。
Blooming so steadfast ,fallen so hard to find!
Beside the flowers`grave,with sorrowing mind,
The solitary Maid sheds many a tear,
Which on the boughs as bloody drops appear.
杜鹃无语正黄昏,荷锄归去掩重门;
青灯照壁人初睡,冷雨敲窗被未温。
At twilight ,when the cuckoo sings no more,
The Maiden with her rake goes in at door
And lays her down between the lamplit walls,
While a chill rain against the window falls.
为奴底事倍伤神,半为怜春半恼春:
怜春忽至恼忽去,至又无言去不闻。
I know not why my heart`s so strangely sad,
Half grieving for the spring and yet half glad:
Glad that it came ,grieved it so soon was spent.
So soft it came ,so silently it went!
昨宵庭外悲歌发,知是花魂与鸟魂?
花魂鸟魂总难留,鸟自无言花自羞;
Last night ,outside ,a mournful sound was heard:
The spirits of the flowers and of the bird.
But neither bird nor flowers would long delay,
Bird lacking speech,and flowers too shy to stay.
愿奴胁下生双翼,随花飞到天尽头。
天尽头,何处有香丘?
And then I wished that I had wings to fly
After the drifting flowers across the sky:
Across the sky to the world`s farthest end,
The flowers` last fragrant resting-place to find.
未若锦囊收艳骨,一抔净土掩风流;
质本洁来还洁去,强于污淖陷渠沟。
But better their remains in silk to lay
And bury underneath the wholesome clay,
Pure substances the pure earth to enrich,
Than leave to soak and stink in some foul ditch.
尔今死去侬收葬,未卜侬身何日丧?
侬今葬花人笑痴,他年葬侬知是谁?
Can I,that these flowers` obsequies attend,
Divine how soon or late my life will end?
Let others laugh flower-burial to see:
Another year who will be burying me?
试看春残花渐落,便是红颜老死时;
一朝春尽红颜老,花落人亡两不知!
As petals drop and spring begins to fail,
The bloom of youth,too,sickens and turns pale.
One day,when spring has gone and youth has fled.
The Maiden and the flowers will both be dead
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