字母s的读音有/s/、/z/、/M/、/{/这几种,下面主要讲讲发/s/音的几条规则。
一、s在词首时,除了sugar,sure以及sh组合发/M/以外,其余一般发/s/。
例:surface/'s+:fis/,serve/s+:v/,seven/sevn/,six/siks/,some/s)m/,sign/sain/
比较:design/di'zain/
一般前缀,合成词不影响其读音。s仍读成/s/。
例:unsafe/)n'seif/,unsatisfactory/)n$+tis'f$k+t+t+ri/,roadside/'r+udsaid/,teaspoon/'ti:spu:n/,snowstorm/'sn+ust&:m/
二、两个s在词尾时读作/s/。
例:grass,glass,address,press,success,pass,miss,stress,across,swiss,puss,progress,process,kiss
三、词尾s在u后读作/s/。
例:bus/b)s/,us/)s/,minus/'main+s/,abacus/'$bks/,plus/pl)s/,status/'steit+s/,virus/'vai+r+s/
四、在sis组合的弱读中,两个s都读作/s/。
例:emphasis/'emf+sis/,analysis+='nlsis/,thesis/'I:sis/,crisis/'kraisis/
五、s在字母c前常读作/s/。
例:muscle/'m)sl/,discipline/'disiplin/,science/'sai+ns/
六、s在某些前后缀中读作/s/。
1.在前缀mis-,dis-中,s读作/s/。
例:mismanage/?mis'm$niDN/,misjudge/?mis'DN)DN/,misbelieve/?misbi'l:v/,disorder/di's&:d+/,disobey/dis+'dei/
2.在后缀-sive,sity,-self,-some,-sy中,s读作/s/。
例:expensive/ik'spensiv/,intensive/in'tensiv/,decisive/di'saisiv/
yourself/j&:'self/,handsome/'h$ns+m/,troublesome/'tr)blsm/,tiresome/tai+s+m/,quarrelsome/'kw&r+ls+m/
七、s在清辅音前后常读作/s/。
1.s在清辅音前常读作/s/。
例:honest/'&:nist/,newspaper/'nj(:?speip/,task/t%:sk/,satisfy/'s$tisfai/,grasp/gr%:sp/
2.s在清辅音后常读作/s/。
例:sportsman/'sp&:tsmn/,works/w+:ks/,stops/st&ps/,roofs/r(:fs/.
八、词尾se在字母r,l,n后读作/s/。
例:horse/h&:s/,nurse/n+:s/,worse/w+:s/,course/k&:s/,universe/'j(:nivs/,pulse/p)ls/,else/els/,tense/tens/,sense/sens
九、s在两个元音间一般发/z/,但是例外较多,需要记忆
Intervocalic “s” is typically /z/, but it is /s/ often enough to require memorizing the many exceptions. Note below how the same spellings can be /s/ or /z/, depending on the word or even the use of the word (noun or verb).
With /s/: case, base, chase, vase, erase
With /z/: phase, phrase, laser, quasar
With /s/: obese
With /z/: these, Chinese, Japanese, and all "nationality words" in "-ese"
With /s/: vise, isolate, isobar, and all words with prefix “iso-“.
With /z/: rise, wise, arise, advise, supervise, improvise, all prefix + “vise" words, advertise, prison
With /s/: dose, close (adj), verbose, morose, purpose, monstrosity, porosity
With /z/: chose, hose, close (v), nose, pose, prose, rose, those; lose, whose; position
With /s/ : obtuse, recluse; use, abuse, excuse (nouns)
With /z/: muse, fuse, ruse, amuse, accuse, profuse, confuse; use, abuse, excuse (verbs)
With /z/: raise, praise, braise, raisin, daisy
With /s/: geese, Reese
With /z/: cheese
With /s/: cease, crease, grease*, lease
With /z/: tease, ease, please; easel, teasel, weasel; reason, season, treason
With /s/: mouse, louse, grouse, douse (v), house (n)
With /z/: rouse, arouse, carouse; house (v), lousy; browse, drowse, drowsy
With /s/: moose, goose, loose, noose, caboose
With /z/: choose
*”grease” has /s/ in the northern U.S. and /z/ in the southern U.S
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