字母s的读音有/s/、/z/、/M/、/{/这几种，下面主要讲讲发/s/音的几条规则。
一、s在词首时，除了sugar，sure以及sh组合发/M/以外，其余一般发/s/。
例：surface/'s+：fis/，serve/s+：v/，seven/sevn/，six/siks/，some/s)m/，sign/sain/
比较：design/di'zain/
一般前缀，合成词不影响其读音。s仍读成/s/。
例：unsafe/)n'seif/，unsatisfactory/)n$+tis'f$k+t+t+ri/，roadside/'r+udsaid/，teaspoon/'ti：spu：n/，snowstorm/'sn+ust&：m/
二、两个s在词尾时读作/s/。
例：grass，glass，address，press，success，pass，miss，stress，across，swiss，puss，progress，process，kiss
三、词尾s在u后读作/s/。
例：bus/b)s/，us/)s/，minus/'main+s/，abacus/'$bks/，plus/pl)s/，status/'steit+s/，virus/'vai+r+s/
四、在sis组合的弱读中，两个s都读作/s/。
例：emphasis/'emf+sis/，analysis+='nlsis/，thesis/'I：sis/，crisis/'kraisis/
五、s在字母c前常读作/s/。
例：muscle/'m)sl/，discipline/'disiplin/，science/'sai+ns/
六、s在某些前后缀中读作/s/。
1．在前缀mis-，dis-中，s读作/s/。
例：mismanage/?mis'm$niDN/，misjudge/?mis'DN)DN/，misbelieve/?misbi'l：v/，disorder/di's&：d+/，disobey/dis+'dei/
2．在后缀－sive，sity，－self，-some，-sy中，s读作/s/。
例：expensive/ik'spensiv/，intensive/in'tensiv/，decisive/di'saisiv/
yourself/j&：'self/，handsome/'h$ns+m/，troublesome/'tr)blsm/，tiresome/tai+s+m/，quarrelsome/'kw&r+ls+m/
七、s在清辅音前后常读作/s/。
1．s在清辅音前常读作/s/。
例：honest/'&：nist/，newspaper/'nj(：?speip/，task/t%：sk/，satisfy/'s$tisfai/，grasp/gr%：sp/
2．s在清辅音后常读作/s/。
例：sportsman/'sp&：tsmn/，works/w+：ks/，stops/st&ps/，roofs/r(：fs/．
八、词尾se在字母r，l，n后读作/s/。
例：horse/h&：s/，nurse/n+：s/，worse/w+：s/，course/k&：s/，universe/'j(：nivs/，pulse/p)ls/，else/els/，tense/tens/，sense/sens
九、s在两个元音间一般发/z/，但是例外较多，需要记忆
Intervocalic “s” is typically /z/, but it is /s/ often enough to require memorizing the many exceptions. Note below how the same spellings can be /s/ or /z/, depending on the word or even the use of the word (noun or verb).
With /s/: case, base, chase, vase, erase
With /z/: phase, phrase, laser, quasar
With /s/: obese
With /z/: these, Chinese, Japanese, and all "nationality words" in "-ese"
With /s/: vise, isolate, isobar, and all words with prefix “iso-“.
With /z/: rise, wise, arise, advise, supervise, improvise, all prefix + “vise" words, advertise, prison
With /s/: dose, close (adj), verbose, morose, purpose, monstrosity, porosity
With /z/: chose, hose, close (v), nose, pose, prose, rose, those; lose, whose; position
With /s/ : obtuse, recluse; use, abuse, excuse (nouns)
With /z/: muse, fuse, ruse, amuse, accuse, profuse, confuse; use, abuse, excuse (verbs)
With /z/: raise, praise, braise, raisin, daisy
With /s/: geese, Reese
With /z/: cheese
With /s/: cease, crease, grease*, lease
With /z/: tease, ease, please; easel, teasel, weasel; reason, season, treason
With /s/: mouse, louse, grouse, douse (v), house (n)
With /z/: rouse, arouse, carouse; house (v), lousy; browse, drowse, drowsy
With /s/: moose, goose, loose, noose, caboose
With /z/: choose
*”grease” has /s/ in the northern U.S. and /z/ in the southern U.S
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