Saturday
状语从句
接着上周的内容,继续学习其余的状语从句类型。
原因状语从句
最常见的引导原因状语从句的连接词是because,除此之外还有for,as,since可以引导原因状语从句,他们之间用法和含义有所区别。
先看最常用的because,这个连词的语气是四个中最强的,只有用它来回答why的疑问句,也只有because才能被强调词only,just等修饰。
1. Perhaps because most of today’s cross-cultural marriages occur because of true love, there couples work hard to overcome their differences.
(可能因为现在的大多数跨国婚姻都是基于真爱,所以夫妇俩都很努力地克服双方的差异。)
如果说because语气很强,强到其引导的状语从句都显得比主句都重要了。那么,since则相对弱很多,表达人们已知的事实,不需要强调的原因,通常我们翻译成“既然”,放在句首,例如:
2. Since we don’t have class tomorrow, why not go out for a picnic?
(既然我们明天没有课,那么为什么不出去野餐呢?)
另一个连接词as用法基本和since相当,所引出来的理由在说话人看来是很明显的。例如:
3. As there isn’t much time left, we might as well call it a day.
(既然时间所剩无几,我们不妨就此结束好了。)
这个句子中,as引导的从句修饰动词might call。从句子意思看,“我们”不妨结束的理由是很明显的——时间不多了,所以连接词语气比较弱,不需要强调。再如:
4. As Monday is a national holiday, all government offices will be closed.
(由于周一是法定假日,所有的政府机关都将休息。)
最后一个是“for”,当for表示推断时候,是对前面内容的解释和说明,例如:
It rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.
(昨天下雨了,因为今天早上地是湿的。)
小练习1
_____ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.
A. For B.Since C.Before D.While
结果状语从句
我们常用so...that和such...that来引导结果状语从句。需要特别注意的是结果状语从句一般放到主句之后,不能提到句首。具体地我们分为两个部分来看。
so...that
大多数状语从句是用so...that来引导,这里so的后面接形容词或者副词。
5. He looked so sincere that no one doubted his story.
(他看起来是那么诚恳,所以没有人怀疑他说的话。)
这个状语从句修饰形容词sincere造成的后果,用so...that引导。
such...that
Such..that引导结果状语从句,此时such后面需要用名词。
6.1. She is such a good teacher that everyone likes her.
6.2. She is so good a teacher that everyone likes her.
(她是一个好老师,所有人都喜欢她。)
同是结果状语从句,不同的连接词,后面跟的词不一样,需注意冠词a牢牢地跟在such后面。
拓展:结果状语从句的倒装
我们前文提到过结果状语从句必须放到句子后面,但是为了强调,我们是可以把主句中的so和such引导的部分提前放在句首,从而构成倒装句。
7. So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
(光的传播速度是如此的快,以至于我们无法想象它的速度。)
例句7的正常语序是这样的:
7.1. Light travel so fast that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
小练习2
____ that the pilot couldn’t fly through it.
A.So the storm was severs
B.So severe was the storm
C.The storm so severe was
D.Such was the storm severe
目的状语从句
目的状语从句的连接词有so that、in order that、that,另外,在从句中常含有情态动词,如may/might等。
8.The carved the words on the stone so that/in order that the future generation should remember what they had done.
(他们在石头上刻字,以便后人记住他们做过的事情。)
9.1. I turned off the TV in order that my roommate could study in peace and quiet.
9.2. In order that my roommate could study in peace and quiet, I turned off the TV.
(为了让我室友有个安静的学习环境,我关掉了电视。)
如句子9.1和9.2,目的状语一般位于主句之后,如果为了强调目的,可以将目的状语提前,放到句首。
小练习3
把下面两个简单句合并成目的状语从句。
I turned on the TV.
I wanted to listen to the news.
我们又KO三种状语从句句型,
明天重点梳理让步状语从句。
一周一点,语法不难,明天再见。
小练习答案:
1. B 2. B
3. I turned on the TV in order that I could listen to the news.
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