蛋白质限制在衰老和疾病中的潜在作用

作者｜Mirzaei H, Raynes R, Longo VD

翻译｜饶志璟

校对｜Cyrilla

设计｜Fay

蛋白质限制在衰老和疾病中的潜在作用

The conserved role of protein restriction in aging and disease.

摘要 Absstract

膳食干预是预防疾病、促进健康的有效措施。饮食限制的影响大多与氨基酸和蛋白质水平以及其对营养信号通路的调节有关。因此，蛋白质限制对于防止与老化相关的疾病和延长寿命来说是一项很有前景的治疗策略。近期关于酵母和果蝇的研究表明，氨基酸限制能促进长寿、保护机体。在啮齿类动物中，蛋白质限制能延长寿命，减少有害的老化表现性。最后，针对中年人的临床试验已经证明，限制蛋白质的饮食能促进健康。值得关注的是，65岁以上的人群可能不会受益于严重的蛋白质限制，可能是因为其日渐下降的生理机能会导致氨基酸的吸收减少，影响蛋白质的合成。

蛋白质限制对健康和长寿有重要的影响，但过度限制是有害的，特别是对于老年人。对于营养物质代谢通路机制的研究是很重要的，它可以帮助我们了解蛋白质摄入量的调节是如何促进健康和长寿的。

ABSSTRACT

Purpose

Dietary interventions are effective strategies for preventing disease and promoting health span. Many of the effects of dietary restriction are linked to amino acid and protein levels and their regulation of nutrient-signaling pathways. Thus, protein restriction is a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing aging-related diseases and extending life span.

Findings

Studies in yeast and flies have shown that amino acid restriction promotes longevity and protection. In rodents, protein restriction extends life span and alleviates detrimental aging phenotypes. Finally, clinical trials in middle-aged adults have demonstrated the role of a protein-restricted diet in promoting health span. Interestingly, the population over the age of 65 may not benefit from severe protein restriction potentially because of the increased physiological decline that leads to decreased amino acid absorption and altered protein synthesis.

Summary

Protein restriction can have profound effects on health and longevity, but excessive restriction is detrimental, particularly in the very old. The investigation of the mechanisms that modulate nutrient-sensing pathways is important to understand how regulation of protein intake can optimize health span and longevity.

- END -