Personality Type Explained

According to Carl G. Jung's theory of psychological types, human consciousness is characterized by its preference of the general attitude:

Extraverted (E) vs. Introverted (I)

It is also characterized by its preferences within the two pairs of its mental functions:

Sensing (S) - Intuition (N)

Thinking (T) - Feeling (F)

The three parameters introduced by Jung are dichotomies (i.e. bipolar dimensions where each pole represents an opposite preference). Jung proposed that in a person one of the mental functions is dominant.

Isabel Briggs Myers proposed that a fourth dichotomy, with the opposite poles of judging and perceiving, also influences the characteristics of personality type:

Judging (J) – Perceiving (P)

All possible permutations of the 4 criteria above yield 16 different combinations representing which of the opposite poles in each of the four dichotomies dominates in a person, thus defining 16 different personality types.

The 16 personality types can be assigned a combination of 4 letters (an acronym) corresponding to the opposite poles in each of the four dichotomies.

The 16 personality types

The first letter in a personality type name corresponds to the first letter of the attitude preference (“E” for extraversion and “I” for introversion).

The second letter in a personality type name corresponds to the preference within sensing-intuition pair: “S” stands for sensing and “N” stands for intuition (to distinguish from “I” for introverted attitude).

The third letter in a personality type name corresponds to preference within the thinking-feeling pair: “T” stands for thinking and “F” stands for feeling.

The forth letter in a personality type name corresponds to a person’s preference within the judging-perceiving pair: “J” for judging and “P” for perception.

For example:

ISTJ stands for an Introvert, Sensing, Thinking, Judging

ENFP stands for an Extravert, iNtuitive, Feeling, Perceiving

And so on.

What do the percentages next to the personality type letters mean?

Humanmetrics Jung Typology Test? (JTT?) and Jung Typology Profiler for Workplace? (JTPW?) instrument determine the expressiveness of each of the four personality type dimensions (Extraversion vs. Introversion, Sensing vs. Intuition, Thinking vs. Feeling, and Judging vs. Perceiving.

In JTT? and JTPW?, the scales of these four dimensions represent a continuum between two opposite poles, from 100 at one pole to 100 at another pole. I.e. Extravert-Introvert dimension is a continuum from 100 on Extraversion (i.e. a respondent is a 100% extravert) to 100 on Introversion (i.e. a respondent is a 100% introvert). In other words the scale is 200 units long:

Extravert [100% - - - 0% - - - 100%] Introvert

People may reveal features of both poles but typically have a preference of one way over the other. The letter indicates the preference and the percentage indicates the extent of it.

The E-I score of 0% means the respondent is at the borderline between being an extravert and an introvert. Having Extraversion score of greater than 0 - e.g. 20% - means being 20% more slanted toward Extraversion over Introversion. Having Introversion score of greater than 0 - e.g. 20% - means being 20% more slanted toward Introversion over Extraversion.

The same pertains to the S-N, T-F, and J-P dichotomies.

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