远山·有窑*

来自 田琦([e-mail]) 对gooood的分享 。Appreciation towards 田琦([e-mail]) for providing the following description:

虎溪土陶厂位于重庆市沙坪坝区陈家桥镇三河村的半山上，原是一座建于20世纪80年代末的旧式龙窑，本地俗称“梯坎窑”，窑口及原有房舍均随山势逐级跌落。面对今年来供大于求的市场形势，窑主人产生了关闭窑厂，改造成农家乐的想法。建筑师田琦接触到这个项目后，提出了在保留窑厂运营的前提下免费为这家人设计。设计师充分应用自然地形特征、传统材料和乡村建造技术，将地域特有的空间意象和场所精神融入建筑创作之中，通过一次具有社会价值和人文关怀的多元设计探索实践推动传统土陶技艺的活化与再生。

Huxi pottery factory is located in hillside of Sanhe Village, Chenjiaqiao Town, Shapingba District, Chongqing. It used to have several kilns called “Long Yao ”distributed along different Heights. Faced with oversupply market situation in recent years, factory owner has an idea of closing and transforming it into a restaurant. Commissioned architect Tian Qi was willing to offer free design for the owner, under a premise of keeping the kilns working as usual. Tian took fully advantages of terrain, local materials and low-tech constructing skills, and integrated regionalism and site spirit into his design. His design involves social value and humanistic care, and also explores ways to promote reviving of traditional pottery craft.  

▼ 改造后的全景，Panorama view after renovation

设计采取了依山就势的协调方式，整个空间呈现阶梯层次感，与一旁的阶梯窑互为呼应。从南侧入口方向看，新建筑的屋顶坡度也与山势近乎一致。建筑坐西面东，共两层，首层除一间采用大面积落地玻璃、用于入口接待的茶饮空间外，其余部分均为在小青瓦木构架覆盖下的开敞空间

Architectural space responding to the side kilns was designed in accord with the terrain. Seeing from south, gradient of new roof is the same with hill. Facing towards east, first floor of this two-story building is open under the cover of tile roof, except for a tea house in entry area functioning as reception space.

▼ 西侧山石延伸至室内，Rocks extending into interial space from west side

▼室内空间，Interior space view

▼在东南两个方向视野开阔的咖啡厅，Café with wide view

为了与原有龙窑的空间布局相契合，整个建筑体采用了俯览递进的视角导向，从入口处，就可看见一个个窑口，走近，窑口又如同植入空间中的展品一般。入口处坡屋顶最高点达6 m，随着空间与窑口的渐近，屋顶的高度也随之下降，让原本低矮的窑口融景于画框，又不显得过分低矮。

In order to keep the consistency of kilns’ distribution, architectural space provides progressive visual relationships for visitors from entry to kilns, presenting these kilns as exhibitions. The zenith of pitched tile roof is 6 meters high at entry point, and it lowers gradually along with shortening distance to the kilns, which makes the ranch kilns integrated within viewing frame as a proper portion.

▼从入口处就能看到窑口，View of kilns from entry

▼与窑口的空间衔接，Connection between interior space and kilns

将附近砖厂烧制的红砖作为主要承重和围护材料，红砖本身价格低廉，直接用于内外墙，省去了饰面的费用。红砖的不同砌筑方式，给立面带来了不同的肌理，让光与影的表达更加充分。此外，对老旧、废弃建筑材料的进行充分再生利用，坡屋顶上的小青瓦来自于原址上工棚拆下来的青瓦，木梁、木桁架、木柱头、房间内的木地板等主要建构和装饰材料都是从不远的旧木材市场淘来，在极大降低建造成本的同时，旧材料所带来的温润气质和时间印记的确是新材料所无法达到的。

Architect used red bricks from the brick factory nearby as main bearing and enclosure materials, because they are cheap and could be used as walls as to save money for over coating. Also, different masonry ways of bricks bring various texture to fa?ade with wonderful light and shadow. What's more is the recycling to abandoned building materials. For example, the grey tiles are from the old work shed and the main structure and decoration materials such as the wood beams, truss and stigmas are all found in old wood market. Besides the lower price, the old materials can't be replaced by new ones because of its warm temperament and time stamps.

▼ 红砖的肌理，Texture of red bricks

▼ 用山石、陶盆和楠竹做成的洗手台，Sinks made of stones, pottery and bamboo

▼ 旧木利用的木柱头，Pillars from recycling woods /

   

▼ 陶罐与石头墙，Clay pots and stone wall / 土陶庭院灯，Courtyard lights made of clay pots

   

参与该项目的所有的施工队伍均来自当地乡村，建造方式也是在专业建筑师的指导下，以当地施工技术为主。如木桁架的连接方式，设计师在与木匠师傅商量后，决定放弃中国传统木作的榫卯连接方式，而采用当地建房最简单的抓钉上下固定、横向木梁之间用螺栓加夹板的方式进行连接，这种做法不仅施工速度快、建构成本低，而且体现出一种有别于传统中式风格的略带工业风的空间气质。室外钢结构楼梯的主要支撑结构采用h320/b130的工字钢，在钢梁和楼梯踏面的连接方式上，角铁焊接平板面后再将实木板搁置其上，摈弃了城市里常用的成品型材连接构件，整体造价大约只有常规做法的一半，工期还能大大缩短。

Workers are all from local village. They are directed by professional architects. For example, the way of wood truss connection is changed from the original Chinese wooden tenon connection, expected by architects, after the discussion between architects and workers, to the local way of grasping nails and transverse beams. This way of connection stands out not only because its faster speed and lower price, and also its industrial style different from traditional Chinese one. Architects also use h320/b130-beams to support the outdoor stairs. To connect steel beams and staircase tread, instead of using finished profiles connection components commonly seen in cities, the architects puts wood board on the plates welded onto angle iron, which leads to half cost of traditional one and great shortage on time.

▼轴侧图，Axon drawing

▼ 室外钢结构楼梯，Outdoor steel staircase

▼ 木梁的连接，Connection between wooden beams

“虎溪土陶厂”的改建，不是城里人为了逃离喧嚣都市的一个田园乌托邦，也并非外来文化的强势植入，而是通过对在地乡村文脉的充分尊重与包容，试图以建筑设计作为出发点，用创意的思维，探索出一条属于乡村自己的发展转型之路。希望这样的案例给越来越多投入乡建热潮的建筑师们些许有益的启示。

The renovation of Huxi Pottery Factory is neither a pastoral Utopia for urban people, nor a strong implantation of foreign culture, but an exploration for villages' own way of development and transformation, starting form architecture with creative thinking and full respect for local context. Hope this project will offer inspirable revelation to the growing group of architects devoted in rural construction.

▼ 全景，Overal view

▼ 总平面图，Master plan

▼ 一层平面图，1st floor plan

▼ 二层平面图，2nd floor plan

▼ 剖面图，Sectional drawing

项目地址：重庆市大学城三河村
建筑面积：500 ㎡
建筑设计：田琦
设计助理：薛凯、张涵、魏鑫月、于思
景观设计：田琦、白雪峰
室内设计：田琦、岳强
建筑摄影：田琦、刘国畅
竣工时间：2016年

Address: Sahe village, Shaping District, Chongqing
Area: 500㎡
Architect: Tian Qi
Assistant architects: Xue Kai, Zhang Han, Xinyue Wei, Yu Si
Landscape architects: Tian Qi, Bai Xuefeng
Interior architects: Tian Qi, Yue Qiang
Architecture photographer: Tian Qi, Liu Guochang
Time of completion: 2016