前面在讲一讲2 wh-+ to do 已经谈到“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”的用法，本文在此基础上仅作几点补充。
一、特殊疑问词的范围
wh- 包含两类：
①特殊疑问代词who(ever)/whom/which(ever)/whose/what(ever), 与其后的to do 构成主谓或动宾关系；
The question is who to seat the meeting.
问题是谁主持会议。
He could not tell whom to trust.
他不知道该相信谁。
②特殊疑问副词where(ver)/when(ever)/how (many/much)/whether(or not)，与其后的to do 构成动状关系；
When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
什么时候开会还没有决定。
Where to live is a problem.
住在哪里是个问题。
二、不定式的变形
to do 有否定式not to do 带主语形式for sb. to do
Sometimes I don't know what to do or what not to do.
有时候我不清楚要做什么不做什么。
He's a man with whom not to get along .
他是一个难以相处的人。
Patient children don't care whenever for their mother to start telling stories.
耐心的孩子不在乎妈妈到底什么时候开始讲故事。
I wonder what for them to do about the trouble.
我很纳闷他们该怎么处理那个麻烦。
三、作宾语的三种类型
1. 作动词宾语
能够接"疑问词＋不定式"作宾语的动词常用的有advise, ask, consider, decide, discuss, explain, forget, know, learn, remember, show, teach, tell, wonder等：
He has to learn how to collect water, hunt for food, and make fire.
他得学会收集淡水、寻找食物，生火什么的。
You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket. 如果不会游泳，就不要去做木筏漂流。漂流必须始终穿上救生衣。
2. 作双宾语
某些动词后面可接"sb.＋疑问词＋不定式"构成双宾语，这类动词常用的有advise, ask, show, teach, tell等：
He will advise you what to do.
他会建议你们做什么。
Will you show me how to use this machine?
你能示范教我如何使用这部机器吗？
3. 作介词宾语
某些介词后面可接"疑问词＋不定式"作宾语，这类介词常用的有 about, as, from, in, of, on, with等：
You also need to learn the basic skills of rafting, such as how to handle the raft, how to paddle and how to get in and out of the raft.
你还需要学习基本划木筏的技巧，比如驾驭木筏的方法，划桨方法，上下木筏的方法。
We must first solve the problem of whom to serve.
我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。
四、作定语的条件
作定语时，疑问词变成关系词，且关系词前面必须有一个介词：
Della had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.
德拉仅有$1.87为来吉姆买一件礼物。
You have a number of topics from which to choose.
你有很多题目可以选择。
He stood by the window from where to see the parade in the street.
他站在窗户旁边，从那里可以看到街上的游行队伍。
The book was published in 1911 since when for people's knowledge of the universe to improve dramatically .
这本书出版于1911年，从那时起人们对宇宙的认识得到了极大的提高。
五、简单句与复合句间的转换
“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”这种结构可以把复合句转为简单句：
I don’t know what I’ll do next.
/I don’t know what to do next.
我不知道接下来要做什么。
The doctor told him when he should take the medicine.
/The doctor told him when to take the medicine.
医生告诉他什么时候该吃药。
同样，因为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”这种结构相当于一个名词性从句，所以可用同等成分的从句代替，从而把简单句转换为复合句。改写时只需在疑问词后加上适当的主语，并把不定式改为适当形式的谓语即可：
Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how to survive without friends.
/Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how one should survive without friends.
也许最难熬的挑战，就是生活中孤独无友。
She was at a loss what to do.
/She was at a loss what she should do.
她不知如何是好。
The question whether to confess troubled the girl.
/The question whether she should confess troubled the girl.
是否要坦白的问题使姑娘很烦恼。
He had no idea how to help the old man.
/He had no idea how he should help the old man.
他不知道如何去帮助那位老人。
注：“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”这种结构也可构成独立问句：
What to do?
怎么办？
How to get rid of the trouble?
如何摆脱困境？
Who to turn to for help?
向谁求助?
Whether to decline the offer?
是否拒绝邀请?
联系客服
