北京时间2022年7月21日，世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）更新濒危物种红色名录。名录显示， 有着“中国淡水鱼之王”之称的长江特有物种白鲟（Psephurus gladius）已经灭绝，长江鲟（Acipenser dabryanus）野外灭绝。全球范围内，裸腹鲟多瑙河种群（Acipenser nudiventris Aral Sea subpopulation）灭绝。红色名录同时提升了其他7种鲟鱼的保护等级。
The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) announced the extinction of the Chinese paddlefish and the wild Yangtze sturgeon on Thursday in its updated Red List of threatened species.
The global sturgeon reassessment published by the IUCN on Thursday revealed that 100 percent of the world's remaining 26 sturgeon species are now at risk of extinction, up from 85 percent in 2009.
The reassessment has also confirmed the extinction of the Chinese paddlefish (Psephurus gladius) and that the Yangtze Sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus) has moved, from critically endangered, to extinct in the wild.
Additionally, 17 species are now critically endangered, three are endangered and five are vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
According to the reassessment, sturgeons have been overfished for their meat and caviar for centuries. Therefore, stronger enforcement of regulations against the illegal sale of sturgeon meat and caviar is critical to stop further declines. Besides, dams affect all sturgeon species migrating to their breeding grounds, while rivers warming due to climate change further disrupts sturgeon reproduction.
“These shocking – but sadly not surprising – assessments mean that sturgeon retain their unwanted title as the world’s most threatened group of species,”said Arne Ludwig, Chair of the IUCN Sturgeon Specialist Group.
The restoration of freshwater ecosystems and building effective fish passages, together with restocking, are key measures to support the long-term survival of the world's sturgeons.
Both Chinese paddlefish and Yangtze Sturgeon are representative aquatic species of the Yangtze River Basin.
Th Chinese paddlefish is one of the world's largest freshwater fish species with a length of up to 7 meters. It is endemic to China and is flagship species of the Yangtze River.
▲ Visitors observe a specimen of a Chinese paddlefish at the Beijing Museum of Natural History on June 18, 2022. Photo/IC
The Chinese paddlefish was listed as a first-class state protected animal in China in 1989 and was first declared 'critically endangered' by the IUCN in 1996. IUCN experts have said there is no image evidence of the species since 2009. It was last seen alive in 2003.
Along with the loss of the Chinese paddlefish, another sturgeon species, the Yangtze sturgeon is now classified as 'extinct in the wild.' Existing individuals in the river are the result of the release of captive stocks.
Wild populations of the Siberian sturgeon, the third species in Asia mentioned in the assessment and widely used in aquaculture, were also moved to the highest threat category of critically endangered.
Source: Global Times, WWF, IUCN
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