CMAKE修改VS大总结

分类：CMAKE 2012-02-17 18:34 2549人阅读 (0)

properties linker library preprocessor warnings dependencies

一. 约定

这个段落用来描述文章中使用特殊字体，样式的场景。

CMAKE文件内容

重要内容

链接

不适用或者理论上可以，但是实际不行

需要后续更新的内容

二. 简单介绍

cmake(http://www.cmake.org/)的介绍，可以Google。

接触C++项目的人都知道，现在存在很多组织源代码进行编译的工具，windows平台下的nmake，visual studio（不同版本的sln project文件）以及Eclipse的CDT。cmake所处的位置，更像是这些已有工具的管理工具，它可以根据cmakelists文件来生成相应的makefile，project文件等等。

使用cmake的好处有很多。编写一次配置文件，就可以在不同的开发平台，不同的编译环境下使用。强大的定制功能，弥补很多工具自身的不足。自动化管理依赖，节省开发人员的时间和编译时间。等等。

当然也有他的不足。每一个工具都是有自己的局限性。学习曲线比较陡峭。编译过程变的稍微复杂，需要首先生成中间格式的文件，然后才能编译生成最终的文件。学习资料很少很散。

有好处有坏处，需要的就是权衡。在我看来，cmake提供的功能比较诱人，将代码的配置信息与build环境剥离。这样做为程序员提供了很大的灵活性。

下载安装都很简单，直接到cmake的主页上下载安装包，按提示操作。

三. 文件目录结构

在每一层目录下创建一个cmakelists.txt的文件，父目录的cmakelists文件可以指定包含的子目录，子目录的cmakelists则管理该目录下所有的sourcecode。目录可以多层嵌套，组织比较灵活，但是不建议目录层数太深。

Dir Helloworld The project

| File cmakelists.txt The project main cmakelists.txt, which should define the whole project’s properties and include sub dir

| Dir HelloworldTest The app dir, which contains the main function

| | File cmakelists.txt The app cmakelists.txt, which defines all the source files, compiler flags and link flags.

| | File main.cpp The cpp file

| Dir Hellowould The library dir

| | File cmakelists.txt The library cmakelists.txt, which should define all source files and build flags

| | File helloworld.h header file

| | File helloworld.cpp cpp file

从上边的目录结构可以看出，每一层目录下边都有一个cmakelists.txt。

文件内容：

Helloworld/cmakelists.txt

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED( VERSION 2.8 )

project( Helloworld )

set( CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /machine:x86" )

add_subdirectory( Helloworld )

add_subdirectory( Helloworldtest )

Helloworld/Helloworld/cmakelists.txt

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED( VERSION 2.8 )

set( HelloWorldSrc helloworld.cpp helloworld.h )

add_library( Helloworld STATIC ${HelloWorldSrc} )

Helloworld/HelloworldTest/cmakelists.txt

CMAKE_MINIMUM_REQUIRED( VERSION 2.8 )

set( HelloWorldTestSrc main.cpp)

include_directories( "${Helloworld_SOURCE_DIR}/Helloworld" )

add_executable( HelloworldTest ${HelloWorldTestSrc} )

target_link_libraries(HelloworldTest Helloworld )

add_dependencies( HelloworldTest Helloworld )

以上是最简单的cmake应用，使用了很基础的cmake命令，这里简单描述一下：

cmake_minimum_required( VERSION 2.8 ) ：表示当前cmakelists文件要求cmake版本最低为2.8

project( Helloworld ) ：整个项目的名字，在我们的项目中，Helloworld。这个在visual studio中对应solution的名字。

set( NAME VAL1 VAL2 ) ：设置变量NAME，值为VAL1;VAL2的列表。CMAKE中列表使用;分隔。如果需要空格分隔的结果，可以用双引号转换。

include_directories()：包含一个目录

add_executable(): 增加一个编译单元，目标文件为可执行文件，在windows上则为exe文件。

add_library()：添加一个编译单元，目标文件为库。

以上命令的详细解释，可以参考cmake的帮助文档。

四。外部库的引入

所有源文件都存放在一个目录下的项目，现实生活中这样的情况并不多见。最经常见到的情形是，我们自己的项目A，依赖于第三方库B, C, D。这里的第三方库包含类似于boost这样的公共库，也包含我们自己编写的独立库。

未完

附录：Visual Studio属性与对应cmakelists实现方法：

注意：此附录仅为beta版本，有些条目是推导出来的。

Visual Studio Cmake

Project Reference add_dependencies()

General/Output Directory

Debugging/Working Directory CMAKE can’t set this value, because the info not stored in project file but some intermedia file generated by visual studio

c/c++GeneralAdditional Include Directoriesinclude_directories()

Resolve #using ReferencesDon’t know

Debug Information FormatCMAKE FAQ

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1")

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG")

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")

Change the default flags for specific config.

Common language runtime supportset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/clr”)

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/clr:pure”)

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/clr:safe”)

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/clr:oldSynax”)

Suppress Startup Bannerset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/nologo” )

Warning Levelset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/W0” )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/W1” )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/W2” )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/W3” )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/W4" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Wall” )

Treat Warnings As Errorsset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/WX-" ) #No

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/WX" ) #Yes

Multi-processor Compilationset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/MP" ) #Yes

#Don’t set means No

Use Unicode For Assembler Listingset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/FAu" ) #yes

#Don’t set means no

OptimizationOptimizationset(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1")

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG")

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi/O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")

Change the default flags for specific config.

Inline Function Expansionset(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1")

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG")

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")

Change the default flags for specific config.

Enable Intrinsic Functionsset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Oi" ) #yes

#Don’t set means no

Favor Size or Speedset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Os" ) #size

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Ot" ) #speed

#Don’t set means neither

Omit Frame Pointersset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Oy-" ) #no

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Oy" ) #yes

Enable Fiber-safe Optimizationsset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GT" ) #yes

#not setting means no

Whole Program Optimizationset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GL" ) #yes

#not setting means no

PreprocessorPreprocessor Definitionsset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_DEFINITIONS DEFNAME=DEFVAL )

set_source_files_properties( filename.cpp PROPERTIES COMPILE_DEFINITIONS DEFNAME=DEFVAL )

Undefine Preprocessor Definitionsset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/UDEFNAME" )

Undefine All Preprocessor Definitionsset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/u" )

Ignore Standard Include Pathset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/X" )

Preprocess to a Fileset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/P" )

Preprocess Suppress Line Numbersset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/EP" )

Keep Commentsset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/C" )

Code GenerationEnable String Poolingset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GF" ) #yes

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GF-" ) #no

Enable Minimum Rebuildset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Gm" ) #yes

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Gm-" )#no

Enable C++ Exceptionsset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/EHsc" ) #yes

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/EHa" ) #yes, with SEH exceptions

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/EHs" ) #yes, with extern C functions

#not setting means no

Smaller Type Checkset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/RTCc" ) #yes

#not setting means no

Basic Runtime Checksset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/RTCs" ) #Stack frame check

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/RTCu" ) #Uninitialized Variable

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/TRC1" ) #Both

#not setting means no

Runtime LibraryCMAKE FAQ

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG_INIT "/D_DEBUG /MTd /Zi /Ob0 /Od /RTC1")

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_MINSIZEREL_INIT "/MT /O1 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE_INIT "/MT /O2 /Ob2 /D NDEBUG")

set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO_INIT "/MT /Zi /O2 /Ob1 /D NDEBUG")

Change the default flags for specific config.

Struct Member Alignmentset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp1" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp2" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp4" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp8" )set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zp16" )

Buffer Security Checkset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GS" ) #yes

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GS-" ) #no

Enable Function-Level Linkingset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Gy" ) #yes

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Gy-" ) #no

Enable Enhaunced Instruction Setset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/arch:SSE" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/arch:SSE2" )

Floating Point Modelset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/fp:precise" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/fp:strict" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/fp:fast" )

Enable Floating Point Exceptionsset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/fp:except" )

Create Hotpatchable Imageset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/hotpatch" )

LanguageDisable Language Extensionsset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Za" )

Treat Wchar_t As Built in Typeset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zc:wchar_t" )#yes

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/Zc:wchar_t-" ) #no

Force Conformance in For Loop Scope

Enable Run-Time Type Informationset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GR" ) #yes

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/GR-" ) #no

Open MP Supportset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/openmp" )#yes

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS “/openmp-" )#no

PreCompiled HeaderPreCompiled Headerset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Yc" ) #create

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Yu" ) #use

#not setting means no

PreCompiled Header Fileset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Ycstdafx.h" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Yustdafx.h" )

Precompiled Header output Fileset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FpPathAndName.pch" )

Output FilesExpand Attributed Sourceset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Fx" )

Assembler Outputset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FA" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FAc" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FAs" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FAcs" )

#not setting means no list

ASM List Locationset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FaDebug" )

Object File nameset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FoName.obj" )

Program DataBase File Nameset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FdC:/Debug/good.pdb" )

Generate XML Documentation Filesset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/doc" )

XML Documentation Filenameset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/docDocument.xml" )

Browse InformationEnable Browse Informationset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FR" )

Browse Information Fileset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FRfilename" )

AdvancedCalling Conventionset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Gd" ) #_cdecl

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Gr" ) #_fastcall

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/Gz" ) #_stdcall

Compile Asset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINKER_LANGUAGE "CXX" ) #C++

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINKER_LANGUAGE "C" ) #C

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/TP" ) #CXX

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/TC" ) #C

Disable Specific Warningsset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/wd4710" )

Forced Include Fileset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FIinclude.h" )

Forced #using Fileset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FUname" )

Show Includesset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/showIncludes" )

Use full Pathsset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/FC" )

Omit Default Library nameset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/ZI" )

Internal Compiler Error Reportingset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:queue" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:none" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:prompt" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "/errorReport:send" )

Treat Specific Warnings as ErrorsDon't know

LinkerGeneralOutput File#normal case

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "Helloworld" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES PREFIX "lib" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES SUFFIX "lib" )

#for debug version

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES DEBUG_OUTPUT_NAME "Helloworld" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES DEBUG_PREFIX "lib" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES DEBUG_SUFFIX "lib" )

#For dlls

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "Helloworld" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES IMPORT_PREFIX "lib" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES IMPORT_SUFFIX "lib" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES PREFIX "bin" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES SUFFIX "dll" )

#output path

Show Progressset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:Lib" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:ICF" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:REF" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:SAFESEH" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/VERBOSE:CLR" )

#not setting means no

Versionset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES VERSION 0.1.2.3)

Enable Incremental Linkingset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/INCREMENTAL" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/INCREMENTAL:NO" )

set( CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG "/INCREMENTAL" )

set( CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG "/INCREMENTAL:NO" )

Suppress Startup Bannerset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/NOLOGO" )

Ignore Import LibraryDon't know

Per-user RedirectionDon't know

Additional Library Directorieslink_directories( dir1 dir2 )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/LIBPATH:dir1 /LIBPATH:dir2" )

Link Library DependenciesDon't know

Use Library Dependency InputsDon't know

Link Statusset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/LTCG:STATUS" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/LTCG:NOSTATUS" )

Prevent DLL Bindingset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/ALLOWBIND:NO" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/ALLOWBIND:YES" )

Treat Linker Warnings As Errorsset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/WX" )

Force File Outputset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FORCE" )

Create Hot Patchable Imageset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN" )

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN:16" ) #Itanium only

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN:6" ) #x64 only

set_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/FUNCTIONPADMIN:5" ) #x86 only

Specify Section AttributesDon't know

InputAdditional Dependanciestarget_link_libraries( target item1 item2 )

Ignore All Default Librariesset_target_properties( target PROPERTIES LINK_FLAGS "/NODEFAULTLIB" )

Put files into folders source_group( header FILES includeme.h )

结论：CMAKE默认会修改的选项有时候是没有办法再次修改的。CMAKE默认不修改的选项大部分情况都可以自己定义。

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