HierarchicalDataTemplate顾名思义，分层数据模板，就是用来定义分层数据样式的模板，一般多用于MenuItem和TreeViewItem
包含几个重要属性
DataType指定模板用于哪种数据类型
ItemsSource指定该类数据的子集，即下一层显示那些数据
内容 指定数据如何显示 绑定哪个属性
MSDN上的一个例子:
public class League { public League(string name) { _name = name; _divisions = new List<Division>(); } string _name; public string Name { get { return _name; } } List<Division> _divisions; public List<Division> Divisions { get { return _divisions; } } } public class Division { public Division(string name) { _name = name; _teams = new List<Team>(); } string _name; public string Name { get { return _name; } } List<Team> _teams; public List<Team> Teams { get { return _teams; } } } public class Team { public Team(string name) { _name = name; } string _name; public string Name { get { return _name; } } } public class ListLeagueList : List<League> { public ListLeagueList() { League l; Division d; Add(l = new League("League A")); l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division A"))); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team I")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team II")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team III")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team IV")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team V")); l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division B"))); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Blue")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Red")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Yellow")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Green")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Orange")); l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division C"))); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team East")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team West")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team North")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team South")); Add(l = new League("League B")); l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division A"))); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 1")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 2")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 3")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 4")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team 5")); l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division B"))); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Diamond")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Heart")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Club")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Spade")); l.Divisions.Add((d = new Division("Division C"))); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Alpha")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Beta")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Gamma")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Delta")); d.Teams.Add(new Team("Team Epsilon")); } public League this[string name] { get { foreach (League l in this) if (l.Name == name) return l; return null; } } }
<!--<SnippetHDT>--><Window x:Class="SDKSample.Window1" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" Title="HierarchicalDataTemplate Sample" xmlns:src="clr-namespace:SDKSample"> <DockPanel> <DockPanel.Resources> <src:ListLeagueList x:Key="MyList"/> <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType = "{x:Type src:League}" ItemsSource = "{Binding Path=Divisions}"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=Name}"/> </HierarchicalDataTemplate> <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType = "{x:Type src:Division}" ItemsSource = "{Binding Path=Teams}"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=Name}"/> </HierarchicalDataTemplate> <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type src:Team}"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding Path=Name}"/> </DataTemplate> </DockPanel.Resources> <Menu Name="menu1" DockPanel.Dock="Top" Margin="10,10,10,10"> <MenuItem Header="My Soccer Leagues" ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource MyList}}" /> </Menu> <TreeView> <TreeViewItem ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource MyList}}" Header="My Soccer Leagues" /> </TreeView> </DockPanel></Window>
这个例子的数据源是一个分层的List对象，下面一个例子的数据源是一个XML文件，大体相同，不同的地方是需要先实例化一个XmlDataProvider用来获取XML的内容，绑定的时候用的不是Path，而是XPath属性，给控件绑定属性的时候属性名加@(加@的是属性Attribute 不加的是子级元素)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><Data xmlns=""> <Grade Name="初一"> <Class Name="1班"> <Group Name="1-1-1组"></Group> <Group Name="1-1-2组"></Group> <Group Name="1-1-3组"></Group> </Class> <Class Name="2班"> <Group Name="1-2-1组"></Group> <Group Name="1-2-2组"></Group> <Group Name="1-2-3组"></Group> </Class> <Class Name="3班"> <Group Name="1-3-1组"></Group> <Group Name="1-3-2组"></Group> <Group Name="1-3-3组"></Group> </Class> </Grade> <Grade Name="初二"> <Class Name="21班"> <Group Name="2-1-1组"></Group> <Group Name="2-1-2组"></Group> <Group Name="2-1-3组"></Group> </Class> <Class Name="22班"> <Group Name="2-2-1组"></Group> <Group Name="2-2-2组"></Group> <Group Name="2-2-3组"></Group> </Class> <Class Name="23班"> <Group Name="2-3-1组"></Group> <Group Name="2-3-2组"></Group> <Group Name="2-3-3组"></Group> </Class> </Grade> <Grade Name="初三"> <Class Name="31班"> <Group Name="3-1-1组"></Group> <Group Name="3-1-2组"></Group> <Group Name="3-1-3组"></Group> </Class> <Class Name="32班"> <Group Name="3-2-1组"></Group> <Group Name="3-2-2组"></Group> <Group Name="3-2-3组"></Group> </Class> <Class Name="33班"> <Group Name="3-3-1组"></Group> <Group Name="3-3-2组"></Group> <Group Name="3-3-3组"></Group> </Class> </Grade></Data>
<XmlDataProvider x:Key="Data2" Source="Data.xml" XPath="Data/Grade"/> <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="Grade" ItemsSource="{Binding XPath= Class}"> <TextBlock Text="{Binding XPath=@Name}"/> </HierarchicalDataTemplate> <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="Class" ItemsSource="{Binding XPath=Group}"> <RadioButton Content="{Binding XPath=@Name}" GroupName="gr"/> </HierarchicalDataTemplate> <HierarchicalDataTemplate DataType="Group" ItemsSource="{Binding XPath=Student}"> <CheckBox Content="{Binding XPath=@Name}"/> </HierarchicalDataTemplate>
<TreeView Margin="5" ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource Data2}}"></TreeView>
也试过递归方式给TreeView添加节点
void LoadXmlToTree(XElement root,TreeViewItem item) { if (root != null) { foreach (XElement xe in root.Elements()) { TreeViewItem item2 = new TreeViewItem(); item2.Header = xe.Attribute("Name").Value.ToString(); item.Items.Add(item2); LoadXmlToTree(xe,item2); } } }
明显不如模板使用起来方便，但是现在的理解还处于初级阶段，只是简单的套使用方法，知其然，不知其所以然，还有待更进一步的理解，毕竟真正理解透了，原理清楚了，才能更灵活的应用。
注：Dictionary类型的需要用values属性
参考 MSDN 《深入浅出WPF》第11章
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