、引言
我们都知道ASP.net mvc权限控制都是实现AuthorizeAttribute类的OnAuthorization方法。
下面是最常见的实现方式:
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public class CustomAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute
{
public override void OnAuthorization(AuthorizationContext filterContext)
{
if (!filterContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.Request.IsAuthenticated)
{
filterContext.Result = new RedirectToRouteResult(new RouteValueDictionary(new { controller = "account", action = "login", returnUrl = filterContext.HttpContext.Request.Url, returnMessage = "您无权查看." }));
return;
}
base.OnAuthorization(filterContext);
}
}
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然后在需要验证的Action上打上[CustomAuthorize]标签就可以了。
这种方式是比较粗粒度的解决方案,由于是已经将定义好(约定好的)权限hard code带对应的Action上,所以无法实现用户自定义权限控制。
看一下代码:
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
namespace Deepleo.Role.Controllers
{
public class UserController : Controller
{
[UserAuthorize]
public ActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
[AdminAuthorize]
public ActionResult Admin()
{
return View();
}
[UserAuthorize]
public ActionResult Detail()
{
return View();
}
}
}
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我们有一个UserController,他有3个Action:Index,Admin,Detail.其中Admin需要系统管理员权限,其他两个值需要User权限。这样就需要建立AdminAuthorizeAttribute和UserAuthorizeAttribute.这样做就无法实现用户自定义权限。
二、基于角色的权限控制系统
基于角色的权限控制系统RBAC(Role Based Access Control)是目前最流行,也是最通用的权限控制系统。
对于ASP.NET MVC来说,这套系统很容易实现:Controller下的每一个Action可以看作是一个权限,角色就相当于多个权限的组合。
然后我们新建一个RoleAuthorizeAttribute,即对角色的属性描述。
2.1 如何鉴权
这个RoleAuthorizeAttribute的关键在于如何拿到ControllerName和ActionName,查阅msdn其实很容易就实现了,不多说,直接上代码:
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Routing;
using Deepleo.Role.Services;
namespace Deepleo.Role.Attributes
{
public class RoleAuthorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute
{
public override void OnAuthorization(AuthorizationContext filterContext)
{
var isAuth = false;
if (!filterContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.Request.IsAuthenticated)
{
isAuth = false;
}
else
{
if (filterContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.User.Identity != null)
{
var roleService = new RoleService();
var actionDescriptor = filterContext.ActionDescriptor;
var controllerDescriptor = actionDescriptor.ControllerDescriptor;
var controller = controllerDescriptor.ControllerName;
var action = actionDescriptor.ActionName;
var ticket = (filterContext.RequestContext.HttpContext.User.Identity as FormsIdentity).Ticket;
var role = roleService.GetById(ticket.Version);
if (role != null)
{
isAuth = role.Permissions.Any(x => x.Permission.Controller.ToLower() == controller.ToLower() && x.Permission.Action.ToLower() == action.ToLower());
}
}
}
if (!isAuth)
{
filterContext.Result = new RedirectToRouteResult(new RouteValueDictionary(new { controller = "account", action = "login", returnUrl = filterContext.HttpContext.Request.Url, returnMessage = "您无权查看." }));
return;
}
else
{
base.OnAuthorization(filterContext);
}
}
}
}
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注意:这里用Ticket的Version存储RoleId。你也可以用其他方式。
主要是用到了 filterContext.ActionDescriptor和filterContext.ActionDescriptor。
2.2 如何生成权限控制列表
前面的role.Permissions的集合已经是定义好的权限列表。
Permissions类的定义如下:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace Deepleo.Role.Entities
{
public class PermissionDefinition
{
public virtual int Id
{
set;
get;
}
public virtual int ActionNo
{
set;
get;
}
public virtual int ControllerNo
{
set;
get;
}
public virtual string Name
{
set;
get;
}
public virtual string ControllerName
{
set;
get;
}
public virtual string Controller
{
set;
get;
}
public virtual string Action
{
set;
get;
}
public virtual DateTime AddDate
{
set;
get;
}
}
}
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属性Controller和Action记录的是权限,ControllerName和ActionName用于显示UI,ControllerNo和ActionNo用于显示顺序控制。
这里你可以手工将所有Action录入
数据库中,然后实现RolService即可。但是显然这种方法实在是太笨了,我们其实可以用反射+Attribute机制实现自动化载入权限控制表。原理很简单,我就直接上关键代码了。
以下是反射的代码:
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using Deepleo.Role.Services;
using Deepleo.Role.Attributes;
using Deepleo.Role.Entities;
namespace Deepleo.Role.Controllers
{
public class InstallController : Controller
{
public ActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Index()
{
try
{
var roleService = new RoleService();
#region init permission
createPermission(new UserController());
#endregion
var allDefinedPermissions = roleService.GetDefinedPermissions();
#region 超级管理员角色初始化
var adminPermissions = new List<RolePermissionInfo>();
foreach (var d in allDefinedPermissions)
{
adminPermissions.Add(new RolePermissionInfo { AddDate = DateTime.Now, Permission = d, });
}
int adminRoleId = roleService.AddRole(new Entities.RoleInfo
{
AddDate = DateTime.Now,
Description = "",
Name = "超级管理员",
Permissions = adminPermissions
});
#endregion
return RedirectToAction("Admin", "User");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ModelState.AddModelError("", ex.Message);
return View();
}
}
private void createPermission(Controller customController)
{
var roleService = new RoleService();
var controllerName = "";
var controller = ""; var controllerNo = 0;
var actionName = ""; var action = ""; var actionNo = 0;
var controllerDesc = new KeyValuePair<string, int>();
var controllerType = customController.GetType();
controller = controllerType.Name.Replace("Controller", "");//remobe controller posfix
controllerDesc = getdesc(controllerType);
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(controllerDesc.Key))
{
controllerName = controllerDesc.Key;
controllerNo = controllerDesc.Value;
foreach (var m in controllerType.GetMethods())
{
var mDesc = getPropertyDesc(m);
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(mDesc.Key)) continue;
action = m.Name;
actionName = mDesc.Key;
actionNo = mDesc.Value;
roleService.CreatePermissions(actionNo, controllerNo, actionName, controllerName, controller, action);
}
}
}
private KeyValuePair<string, int> getdesc(Type type)
{
var descriptionAttribute = (DescriptionAttribute)(type.GetCustomAttributes(false).FirstOrDefault(x => x is DescriptionAttribute));
if (descriptionAttribute == null) return new KeyValuePair<string, int>();
return new KeyValuePair<string, int>(descriptionAttribute.Name, descriptionAttribute.No);
}
private KeyValuePair<string, int> getPropertyDesc(System.Reflection.MethodInfo type)
{
var descriptionAttribute = (DescriptionAttribute)(type.GetCustomAttributes(false).FirstOrDefault(x => x is DescriptionAttribute));
if (descriptionAttribute == null) return new KeyValuePair<string, int>();
return new KeyValuePair<string, int>(descriptionAttribute.Name, descriptionAttribute.No);
}
}
}
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以下是DescriptionAttribute的代码:
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
namespace Deepleo.Role.Attributes
{
public class DescriptionAttribute : Attribute
{
public string Name
{
set;
get;
}
public int No
{
set;
get;
}
}
}
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然后在UserController打上DescriptionAttribute标签就可以了,如下所示:
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using Deepleo.Role.Attributes;
namespace Deepleo.Role.Controllers
{
[Description(No = 1, Name = "用户")]
public class UserController : Controller
{
[RoleAuthorize]
[Description(No = 1, Name = "用户首页")]
public ActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
[RoleAuthorize]
[Description(No = 1, Name = "用户管理")]
public ActionResult Admin()
{
return View();
}
[RoleAuthorize]
[Description(No = 1, Name = "用户详情")]
public ActionResult Detail()
{
return View();
}
}
}
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这样在网站安装的时候直接执行Install就可以完全自动化创建权限。
这样就可以精确到每个Action的用户自定义权限控制了。