大运河
大运河(Grand Canal)是世界上最长的人工河，北起北京，南至杭州。它是中国历史上最宏伟的工程之一。大运河始建于公元前4世纪，公元13世纪末建成。修建之初是为了运输粮食，后来也用于运输其他商品。大运河沿线区域逐渐发展成为中国的工商业中心。长久以来，大运河对中国的经济发展发挥了重要作用，有力地促进了南北地区之间的人员往来和文化交流。
The grand canal, the longest man-made river the world has ever seen, stretches from Beijing in the north to Hangzhou in the South. It is hailed as one of the most magnificent projects throughout the history of China. Launched in the 4thcentury BC, it was completed at the end of the 13thcentury A.D. with the original purpose of grain transportation. Later, its scope of shipment included other commodities. Gradually, the area along the Grand canal developed into the industrial and commercial hubs of China. Through the ages, it has been playing a prominent part in promoting the economic development of China, greatly enhancing the personal exchanges and cultural interaction between the northern and southern regions.
都江堰
都江堰(Dujiangyan)坐落在成都平原西部的岷江上，距成都市约50公里，始建于公元前三世纪。它的独特之处在于无需用堤坝调控水流。两千多年来，都江堰一直有效地发挥着防洪与灌溉作用，使成都平原成为旱涝保收的沃士和中国最重要的粮食产地之一。都江堰工程体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧，是全世界年代最久、仍在使用无坝控水的水利工程。
Dujiangyan is located on the Minjiang River in the west of Chengdu Plain, about 50km away from Chengdu City. It was built in the third century BC. Its unique feature is that it does not need dams to regulate the flow of water. For more than 2000 years, Dujiangyan has been playing an effective role in flood control and irrigation, making Chengdu Plain a fertile land during drought and flood and one of the most important grain producing areas in China. Dujiangyan project embodies the wisdom of the harmonious coexistence of Chinese people and nature. It is the oldest water conservancy project in the world that is still in use and has no dam to control water.
坎儿井
坎儿井(Karez)是新疆干旱地区的一种水利系统，由地下渠道将水井连接而成。该系统将春夏季节渗入(seep into) 地下的大量雨水及积雪融水收集起来，通过山体的自然坡度引到地面，用于灌溉农田和满足人们的日常用水需求。坎儿井减少了水在地面的蒸发(evaporation),对地表破坏很小，因而有效地保护了自然资源与生态环境。坎儿井体现了我国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧，是对人类文明的一大贡献。
Karez, a kind of water conservancy system in the droughty area of Xinjiang, is formed with wells connected by underground channels. This system collects lots of rainwater and snowmelt seeping into the ground in spring and summer and drains it to the ground surface through the natural slope of the mountain to irrigate the farmland and meet people’s daily needs. Karez reduces the evaporation of water on the ground surface with minimal damage to it, thus effectively protecting the natural resources and ecological environment. It embodies the wisedom of the Chinese people to coexist in harmony with nature and is a great contribution to the human civilization.
实用表达
snowmelt
n. [水文] 融雪水
droughty
[adj.]干旱的
seep /siːp/
If something such as liquid or gas seeps somewhere, it flows slowly and in small amounts into a place where it should not go. 渗透
Radioactive water had seeped into underground reservoirs.
放射性水已渗入了地下蓄水池。
The gas is seeping out of the rocks.
气体正从岩石里渗出。
irrigate /ˈɪrɪˌɡeɪt/
[V-T] To irrigate land means to supply it with water in order to help crops grow. 灌溉
None of the water from Lake Powell is used to irrigate the area.
鲍威尔湖的水没有被用来灌溉这一地区。
[N.] irrigation灌溉
conservancy /kan’sɜ:vansi/
1. a group of officials who control the use of a port, a river, an area of land, etc.(港口、河流、地区等的)管理机构
the Thames Conservancy
泰晤士河管理委员会
Texas Nature Conservancy
得克萨斯州自然资源管理委员会
conserve /kənˈsɜːv/
1. [V-T] If you conserve a supply of something, you use it carefully so that it lasts for a long time. 节省
The factories have closed for the weekend to conserve energy.
这些工厂在那个周末关了厂以节省能源。
2 [V-T] To conserve something means to protect it from harm, loss, or change. 保护
...help developing countries conserve their forests.
…帮助发展中国家保护森林
water conservancy project
水利工程
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