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Catheter Ablation
心脏导管射频消融术
Depending on activity level, the heart beats about 60 to 100 times per minute. It may be higher during exercise or lower at rest. A normal heart rate and rhythm ensures the delivery of oxygen-rich blood to all of the body's organs, such as the brain and lungs. A group of cells in the heart, called the cardiac conduction system, uses electrical impulses to control the speed and rhythm of each heartbeat. An abnormal heart rate or rhythm, called an arrhythmia, occurs when there's a problem with the heart’s conduction system.
由于活动水平不同，心脏每分钟约跳动60-100次。运动时，跳动次数可能更高，休息时，跳动次数较低。正常心率和节律是富氧血液转运至身体所有器官，如脑和肺的关键。心脏传导系统通过电脉冲调控每次心跳的速度和节律。当心脏传导系统出现问题时，人体会发生心率或节律异常，即心律失常。
Tachycardia is a type of arrhythmia where the heart beats too fast. Fibrillation is a type of arrhythmia where the heart beats irregularly and may be too fast. For certain types of arrhythmias, a catheter ablation procedure may be necessary to stop the heart tissue from causing the arrhythmia.
心动过速和心房颤动是心律失常的两种类型，心动过速指心跳过快，而心房颤动指心跳不规律，并且可能跳动过快。对于某些类型的心律失常，导管消融术可能是阻断心脏组织引发心律失常的必要手段。
After numbing a small area in the groin with a needle, the doctor will insert a short hollow tube called a catheter sheath into the femoral vein. Next, a long, flexible tube, called a catheter, will be inserted through the sheath. The doctor will guide the catheter to the heart through a blood vessel that goes to the heart, called the inferior vena cava. The location and progress of the catheter will be monitored.
应用针刺麻醉腹股沟小块区域后，医生会将短中空导管鞘插入股静脉；然后通过导管鞘插入细长软管。医生将通过下腔静脉介导导管进入心脏，并监测导管定位和进展。
When the catheter reaches the heart, the doctor will guide it to the area that is causing the arrhythmia. The doctor will find the problem areas using a 3-D map of the electrical activity of the patient's heart. The tip of the catheter will emit either hot energy or cold energy to ablate the tissue in this area. Ablation makes the treated area stop working.
导管到达心脏时，医生会将其引导至诱发心律失常的区域；应用3D心脏电活动图查找病变部位。导管尖端会散发热量或冷能来消融该区域中的组织。消融会使得治疗区域停止工作。
For an atrial arrhythmia, a doctor will ablate the atrial tissue causing it. If the affected tissues are small, well-defined areas, the procedure is called focal ablation. Or, if the affected tissues are larger areas with more complex rhythm disturbances, the doctor may perform a procedure called ablation remodeling. Both types of ablation restore normal electrical impulses and prevent an arrhythmia from happening. If the cause of the arrhythmia is in the ventricle, the doctor can do either focal ablation or ablation remodeling to treat more complex arrhythmias of the ventricle.
对于房性心律失常，医生将消融诱发病变的心房组织。如果受影响的组织很小，边界清晰，则进行局灶性消融。另一方面，如果受影响组织较大，节律复杂紊乱，则行消融重塑术。以上两种消融术均可恢复患者正常电脉冲，并预防心律失常。如果是心室诱发的心律失常，医生可以行局灶性消融或消融重塑术来治疗更复杂的心室心律失常。
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