★ 形容词：
1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken
2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off
3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding
4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous
5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable
6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest
7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound = wholesome
8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous
9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching
10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated
11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive
1.Everywhere 普遍的Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant
2.Good 好的Beneficial、Advantageous
3.Harmful 有害的Inhumane、Detrimental、Baneful
4.Rich 富有的Wealthy、Affluent
5.Poor 贫穷的Impoverished
7.Serious 严重的Severe
8.Obvious 明显的Manifest、Apparent、Evident 9.cheap 便宜的Economical、Inexpensive
★ 动词：
1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize
2. 引起：cause = trigger = endanger
3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with
4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate
5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture
6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur
7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue
8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve
9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold
10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize
11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten
1.Improve 提高：Promote、Advance、Enhance
2.change 改变：Transform
3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight、Stress、Address(这是个9星级用法)
4.Develop培养：Agriculture、Cultivate、Nurture
5.Break 破坏：Impair、Undermine这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏Jeopardize、Devastate
6.Keep 保存Preserve、Conserve 保护资源
7.deal With解决Tackle、Address（这也是高难度用法，很牛）、Resolve 8.need 需要Require、necessitate、call for
★ 名词：
1. 影响：influence= impact
2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard
3. 污染：pollution = contamination
4. 人类：human beings= mankind = human race
5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens
6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being
7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers
8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing
9. 青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents
10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue
11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability
12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill
13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession
14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment
15. 孩子： children = offspring = descendant= kid
1.Forefather 祖先Ancestor、Predecessor
2.Difference不同Gap（简单但是牛）、Distinction
3.Crime 犯罪Delinquency、Criminal Act
4.Environment 环境Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience
5.Pollution 污染Contamination
6.Human 人类The human race Humanity Humankind
7.Danger 危险Peril、Hazard
8.In modern society 在当今社会In contemporary society In present-day society In this day and age
★ 短语：
1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with
2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for 3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for
4. 在当代: in contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age
5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of
★ 插入语
1.indeed的确， 2.surely无疑， 3.however然而， 4.obviously显然， 5.frankly坦率地说， 6.naturally自然， 7.luckily (或happily)for sb.算某人幸运， 8.fortunately/luckily幸好， 9.honestly真的， 10.briefly简单地说, 11.strange to say说也奇怪， 12.needless to say不用说， 13.most impor tant of all最为重要是， 13.worse still更糟糕的是， 14.in a few words(或in sum，in short)简而言之， 15.in other words换句话说，
16.in a sense在某种意义上， 17.in general一般说来， 18.in my view在我看来， 19.in conclusion总之， 20.in summary概括地说， 21.in fact事实上， 22.in the first place首先， 23.in addition此外， 24.of course当然， 25.to my knowledge据我所知， 26.for instance(或example)例如， 27.as a matter of fact事实上,
28.strictly speaking严格地说， 29.generally speaking一般地说， 30.judging from…根据……判断,
31.to be sure无疑， 32.to sum up概括地说， 33.to tell the truth老实说, 34.I am sure我可以肯定地说，
35.I believe我相信， 36.I wonder我不知道， 37.that is也就是说， 38.it seems看来是， 39.as I see it照我看来， 40.what is important (serious)重要(严重)的是
1解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
2损害： Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
3给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford
4培养：：Develop, cultivate, foster
5优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
6 缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
7 使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle
8 重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative
9 认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
10 保护：Protect, conserve, preserve
11确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge
12 有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental
13 要求 ：Request, demand, needs, requisition
14 消除 ：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away
15 导致： Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate
16 因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this
17 增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to
18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to
19保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out
20 急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably
21平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly
22 宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim
23 发生：Happen, occur, take place
24 原因：Reason, factor, cause
25 发展：Development, advance, progress
26 有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding， advantageous
27 影响：Influence, impact, effect
28明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear
29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose
30与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to
31对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely
32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe
33 大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly
34波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation
35事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that
36换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle.
1.individuals,characters, folks替换people ,persons.
2.positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good.
3.dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad （如果bad做表语，可以有be less impressive替换。 ）
eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games, enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms. When it approaches to graduation ,as a result, they find their academic records are less impressive.
4.an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most替换many.
注：用many, if not most 一定要小心，many后一定要有词。
Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理 用most, if not all ,替换most.
5.a slice of, quiet a few 替换some.
6.harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that替换think (因为是书面语，所以要加that)。
7.affair ,business ,matter 替换thing.
8.shared 代 common .
9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits.
10.for my part ,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion.
11.Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more( 注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.)
Eg.sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.
12.little if anything或little or nothing替换hardly.
13.beneficial, rewarding替换helpful.
14.shopper,client,consumer,purchaser 替换customer.
15.overwhelmingly,exceedingly,extremely, intensely 替换very.
16.hardly necessary, hardly inevitable ... 替换 unnecessary, avoidable.
17.indispensable替换necessary
18.sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 替换sb take interest in / sb. be interested in.
19.capture one's attention替换attract one's attention.
20.facet,demension,sphere代aspect.
21.be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of代 indicate, suggest ,fear.
22.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 替换cause.
23. There are several reasons behind sth 替换..reasons for sth.
24.desire 替换want.
25.pour attention into 替换pay attention to.
26.bear in mind that 替换remember.
27. enjoy, possess 替换have(注意process是过程的意思)。
28. interaction替换communication.
29.frown on sth替换 be against , disagree with sth .
30.to name only a few, as an example替换 for example, for instance.
31. next to / virtually impossible替换nearly / almost impossible.
32.regarding/concerning 替换about.
33.crucial/paramount 替换important.
34.第一（in the first place/the first and foremost）;第二（there is one more point ,I should touch on, that….）;第三（the last but not the least）.
35. assiduous替换hard-working
36. arduous替换difficult
37.underdeveloped/financially-challenged 替换poor（因为poor通常含有贬义）
38. demonstrate /manifest 替换show
39. invariably 替换always
40. perilous/hazardous替换dangerous(写社会类作文时常用，说什么社会现象是不好的，有害的)
41. formidable 替换difficult
42. quintessential 替换typical（举例时常用，例如：a quintessential example should be cited that=for example; for instance）
43. distinguished 替换famous
44. feasible替换possible
45. consequently, accordingly替换so
黯然低分词：
闪光高分词：
very important 重要的
of great importance
very difficult 困难的
of great difficulty
very beautiful 美丽的
of great beauty
very useful 有用的
of great use
very helpful 有帮助的
of great help
very harmful 有害的
of great harm
very valuable 有价值的
of great value
very significant 至关重要的
of great significance
very necessary 必要的
of great necessity
1. important =crucial (extremely important)，significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)
2.common=universal， ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous， it seems to be everywhere)
3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra)， plentiful(enough for people’s needs and wants)
4.stick=adhere， cling(hold on something tightly)
5.neglect=ignore。(difference： neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention。)
6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other)， adjoin(the same as adjacent)
7.pursue=woo(man woos woman， old-fashioned)， seek(if you seek sth， you try to obtain it. FORMAL)
8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details)， exact(correct in every detail)
9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)
10.top=peak， summit
11.competitor=rival， opponent(especially in sports and politics)
12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something， you say it is very bad and unacceptable)
13.opinion=perspective， standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)
14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired)， reputation
15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings， FORMAL)， establish
16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)
17.complain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)
18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree)， fundamental
19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)
20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to)，compel
21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)
22.complex=intricate(if something is intricate， it often has many small parts and details)
23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary， there is no one near him/her)
24.small=minuscule(very small)， minute，
25.praise=extol(stronger than praise)， compliment(polite and political)
26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)
27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous， it is difficult and tiring， and involves a lot of efforts)
28.poor(soil)=barren， infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)
29.fragile=brittle， vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)
30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people。)
31.big=massive(large in size， quantity， or extent)， colossal(use this word， you emphasize something’s large)， tremendous(INFORMAL)
32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something， s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it。)
33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something。)
34.attack=assault (physically attack someone)， assail (attack violently)
35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons)， loathe(dislike very much)!
36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly， or utterly destroy it。)
39.always=invariably(the same as always， but better than always)
40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes)， immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)
41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly)， astound(surprise you to a large degree)，astonish(the same as astound)
42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm)， fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)
43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful)， serene(calm and quiet)
44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)
45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive)， sumptuous(grand and very expensive)
46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious， you mean it is boring and frustrating)
47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone， you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)
48.worry=fret(if you fret about something， you worry about it)
49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold)， icy(extremely cold)
50.hot=boiling(very hot)
51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous， hazardous(dangerous， especially to people’s safety and health)
52.nowadays=currently
53.only=unique(the only one of its kind)， distinctive;
54.stop=cease(if something ceases， it stops happening or existing)
55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)
56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)
57.obvious=apparent， manifest
58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)
60.quite=fairly
61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)
62.field=domain(a particular field of thought， activities or interest)
63.appear=emerge(come into existence)
64.whole=entire(the whole of something)
65.wet=moist(slightly wet)， damp(slightly wet)， humid(very damp and hot)
66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)
67.difficult=formidable
68.change=convert(change into another form)
69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)
70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger)， prudent(careful and sensible)
71.ability=capacity， capability(the same as ability)
72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric， s/he behaves in a strange way， or his/her opinion is different from most people)
73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent， you have a lot of money)
74.use= utilize (the same as use)
75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something， you have doubts on it。)
76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something， it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)
77.short=fleeting， ephemeral(if something is ephemeral， it lasts a short time)
78.scholarship=fellowship
79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)
80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)
81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous， it is very ugly or unattractive)
82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive)， absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)
83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)
84.disorder=disarray， chaos
85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)
86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION： meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)
87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)
88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)
89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)
90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)
91.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable， you think it very unlike to happen )
92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)
93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)
94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)
95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)
96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)
97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible， it can be done， made or achieved)
98.so=consequently， accordingly
99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often)
100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)
1) 大多数人 most people→ the majority of the population
2) 经常 often→frequently
3) 我相信 I believe→ from my standpoint, from my perspective
4) 必须 must→ it is a must for us to…
5) 知道 know→ be aware of
6) 因为 because→in that
7) 最后 at last→eventually
8) 然而 but→however
9) 如果 if→provided that
10) 各行各业的人 all kinds of people→people from all walks of life
11) 引起，导致 lead to→contribute to
12) 人 people→individuals
13) 好的 good→desirable, benefitial
14) 怀的 bad→undesirable
15) 很多many→ numerous
16) 越来越more and more→ a increasing/mounting number of
17) 很very→extremely
18) 方面side→aspects
19) 表明 show→demonstrate, indicate
20) 利用 use→utilize
21) 因此/结果so→therefore
22) 部分 part→proportion
23) 提高 improve→enhance
24) 改变 change→transform
25) 强调/重视 emphasize→ attach great importance to
26) 培养 develop→cultivate
27) 破坏 destroy→undermine
28) 解决 deal with →tackle /figure out
29) 普遍的 everywhere→universal
30) 明显的obvious→apparent
31) 在当今社会in the modern society→in the current society
32) 使 make→enable
