小学英语常见字母及字母组合发音规则总结
于润朴整理
一．基本概念
（一）开音节：开音节分两种情况：
1．以“发音的元音字母”结尾的单节。例：be，he，no, me, hi, we, go, so
2．以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母（r 除外）+不发音的e”结尾的音节。
也就是常说的“元辅e”结构。例：make，like。
* 在“元辅e”结构中元音字母读作自己的名称音。
（二）闭音节：以 '一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)' 结尾的音节叫闭音节。如map，desk，is等
（三）r音节：以'元音字母+r'构成的音节叫r音节。如：car,doctor, teacher,
二. 发音规则
（一）元音字母在开音节中一般读自己的名称音。
Aa
开音节
/ /
take, lake, bake, make, cake, snake, face, race, place
ate, date, Kate, late, gate, hate, mate, plate
name, fame, same, plane, ape, tape, grape
闭音节
/ /
have, has, apple, bag, cat, fat, hat, map, can, black, salad, at, and, bank,
Ee
开音节
/ /
these, he, me , she, we, Chinese
闭音节
/ /
bed, pen, desk, leg, egg, get, seven, let, elephant, yes
Ii
开音节
/ /
hi, bike, hike, like, Mike, Nike, drive, write, kite, bite, white, time, nice, rice, five, nine, fine, ride, hide,
闭音节
/ /
big, it, is, pig, this, sit, fish, milk, rabbit, window, pink, think,
Oo
开音节
/ /
go, no, so, home, rose, nose, those, close, cold, told, hold, sold, hope, rope, OK, Coke,
闭音节
/ /
box, fox, orange, lock, rock, not, hot, long, stop, clock
Uu
开音节
/ /
use, tube, cute, student,
闭音节
/ /
bus, cup, brush, umbrella, duck, luck, sun, run, but, just, lunch, cut,
(二) 元音字母的其他发音
Aa
/ /
want, wash, what, watch
/ /
after, ask, bath, glass, fast, father, class, basket, dance
/ /
China, another, breakfast, ago, woman
Ee
/ /
eleven, excuse, forest, women,
/ /
student, open, hundred,
Oo
/ /
second, today, pilot,
/ /
come, London, mother,
Uu
/ /
flute, blue, June,
（三）r音节发音规则
ar
/ /
car, card, march, farm, dark, barber, garden, art, park, smart,
/ /
dollar, collar, beggar, grammar,
/ /
war, warm, quarter
er
/ /
her, term,
/ /
sister, mother, father, brother, player, driver, river
ir
/ /
girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty,
or
/ /
or, for, fork, morning, forty, short, sport
/ /
doctor, visitor, actor,
/ /
work, worker, word, world
ur
/ /
turn, Thursday, hurt, nurse,
（四）辅音字母的发音
Bb
/ /
bike, balloon, bag, bat, brother,
/ /
climb, comb, tomb, bomb,
Cc
/ /
cake, come, doctor, cup, clean, subject, welcome
/ /
city, nice, pencil,
Dd
/ /
dog, doll, doctor, good, find
Ff
/ /
frog, flat, safe, leaf, wife,
Gg
/ /
girl, dragon, mango
/ /
page, giant, geography
Hh
/ /
hello, happy, how
/ /
hour,
Jj
/ /
Jump, July, jigsaw
Kk
/ /
bike, work, weekend
/ /
knee, knife,
Ll
/ /
like , yellow, letter
/ /
well, help, apple
Mm
/ /
mother, my, film
Nn
/ /
green, thin, winter
Pp
/ /
pupil, map, pen
Qq
/ /
quack, quiet, quarter
Rr
/ /
red, carry, angry
Ss
/ /
sun, nurse, swimming
/ /
please, nose, Tuesday
Tt
/ /
time, fast, winter
Vv
/ /
have, very, visit
Ww
/ /
warm, what, swimming
Xx
/ /
box, six, fox
Yy
/ /
yellow, year, you
/ /
angry, happy, sunny
Zz
/ /
zoo, zebra, buzz
（五）其他常见字母组合的发音
ch
/ /
stomach, school,
/ /
chair, peach,China, children
/ /
machine
dr
/ /
dress, draw, dragon
gh
/ /
cough, laugh,
/ /
right, light, night,
ph
/ /
photo, elephant, phone,
qu
/ /
quarter, quiet, quite
sh
/ /
ship, sheep, wish, fish,
oy
/ /
boy, toy,
th
/ /
This, that, these, those, weather,
/ /
mouth, month, thin, three, teeth
wh
/ /
where, what, when, which, wheel
/ /
who, whose,
ay
/ /
day, way, say, may , play
/ /
says
au
/ /
laugh
/ /
restaurant
ea
/ /
tea, meat, seat, leaf
/ /
bread, head,
/ /
great, break
/ /
idea, really
ee
/ /
tree, bee, see, sleep, feet
oa
/ /
coat, goat, boat, soap
oo
/ /
good, look, cook, foot,
/ /
too, tooth, food, moon, room,
ou
/ /
about, proud,
/ /
young
/ /
could, should
/ /
bought
ow
/ /
know, throw, follow
/ /
how, cow, now, brown,
are
/ /
square, care, share
/ /
are,
ere
/ /
there
here
/ /
were
ire
/ /
fire, hire, tired
ore
/ /
more, before
ear
/ /
pear, wear, bear,
/ /
near, dear, hear,
/ /
learn
/ /
heart
eer
/ /
deer, engineer
oor
/ /
floor
/ /
poor
