There be结构

1. there be结构的主谓一致
在英语里表示什么地方或时间存在什么事情就用此结构，句子的结尾往往带有地点状语或时间状语。其中there是引导词，本身没有词意，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。be的数与后面的名词一致，若be后是两个或多个并列的名词，be则与靠得最近的那个名词的数一致。如：
There was a meeting yesterday. 昨天有个会议。
There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.
桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和好些铅笔。
比较：There are two books, a pen and many pencils on the desk.
2. there be与have的比较
(1) 用法不同：there be
表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有。
(2) 结构不同：there be + sb./sth. +时间/地点(副词或介词短语)；sb./sth. + have
+sb./sth. else
There are some children in the garden.花园里有几个孩子。
She has three cars. 她拥有三辆汽车。(汽车是属于她的)
注：若是部分与整体关系时，有时用两种表达方式都可以。如：
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一周有七天。
3. there be的否定和疑问
there be 句型中考考点
考点一：对there be基本理念的考查
　　1.—What did you see on the desk then?
　　　—There ________ a bottle of orange.
　　[03北京宣武区]
　　A. was B. were C. has D. had
　　2. There ________ an English film here tomorrow. [04武汉]
　　A. has B. is going to be C. will have
　　3. There used to have few tall buildings around our village. (找错并改正)
　　　　　　　A 　B 　C 　D
　　[03陕西]
　　4.—What’s on the plate?
　　—There ________ some bread on it.
　　[03吉林]
　　A. is B. are C. has D. have
　　[扫描1]
　　根据句子的时间状语或上下文暗示、衔接等，在初中阶段be的形式不外乎有这么几种：
　　①现在时(is / are)、过去时(was / were)、将来时(will be)、完成时(have / has / had been)；
　　②可以与情态动词连用，组成there +情态动词+be的形式，表推测语气；
　　③可与seem, appear, used to等状态词连用，构成there seems / appears / used to be...；
　　答案要点：
　　1.题中的问句用了过去时，又因为答语中为“一瓶桔子汁”，故答案为A。
　　2.题中有一个表示将来的tomorrow，又因为there be的形式中不能用助动词have，故答案为B。
　　3.题错误之处为C，应改为be。
　　4.题中some bread为不可数名词，应选A。
　　考点二：考查there be句型的临近一致性
　　1. There ________ a pencil on the desk and you may use it. [03北京石景山区]
　　A. is B. are C. was D. were
　　2. There ________ two knives in the pencilbox. [03哈尔滨]
　　A. are B. be C. is D. am
　　3. There ________ a pair of shoes under the bed. The shoes ________ mine. [04兰州]
　　A. is；are B. is；is C. are；is D. are；are
　　[扫描2]
　　be的形式受后面靠近它的主语在人称和数上的制约，必须采取就近原则，与临近的主语保持一致，必须看清楚there后跟的是可数名词，还是不可数名词。还必须注意既有可数名词又有不可数名词的时候，be的形式的临近一致性。如:There is a bag of rice, two baskets of apples and three people under the tree.
　　答案要点：
　　1. a pencil为可数名词单数形式，可从A、C中选，又从and you may use it可以得出，选择A。
　　2.句中有two knives，名词复数，故选A。
　　3. a pair of修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词要用单数形式，而shoes是可数名词复数，故答案为A。
　　考点三：考查there be和have/has表示“有”的含义时的区别
　　1. There ________ two pictures on the wall.
　　[03北京大兴区]
　　A. is B. have C. are D. has
　　2. There ________ a football game in our school next week. [03]
　　A. has B. is going to be C. have D. is going to have
　　3. There________ a football match on TV this evening. [04陕西]
　　A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have
　　4. There is going to have a football match next Friday afternoon.
　　　　　　　　A 　　　B 　　　　　　　　　C 　　　D
　　　(找错并改正)[04南京]
(1) 否定式：be后面加not(any)或no。如：
There are not any boats on the river. 河上没有船。
(2) 疑问句：是把be移到there的前面来。如：
Are there any boat on the river? 河上有船吗？
Yes, there are..(No, there are not.) 有。（没有。）
注：若有别的助动词时就不一样了.
There won’t be a football match tomorrow, will there? 明天没有足球赛，对吗？
There usedn’t to be a tall tree here, used/didn’t ther?
以前这里有棵高树，是不是？
There seems to be something wrong with you, doesn’t there?
你好像有些不舒服，对吗？
There happened to be a well there, didn’t there? 那里碰巧有口井，是不是？

[扫描3]
　　英语中表示“有”的含义时可以用there be句型,也可以用have/has(got)表达，但二者在用法上有根本的区别：
　　there be句型表示存在，即某处有某物；have/has (got)表示所有、拥有，即某人(物)有……。如：
　　They have a beautiful home.
　　I’ve got an idea.
　　在there be句型中be的形式不能用have/has替代。
　　答案要点：根据以上分析可得：1. C 2. B 3. B 4. B(应把have改成be)
　　考点四：考查there be的反意疑问句
　　1. There is a beautiful clock on the wall, ________? [03桂林]
　　A. isn’t there B. is there C. isn’t it D. doesn’t it
　　2. There is little milk in the bottle, ________? [03广东]
　　A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t there D. is there
　　3. There was no time for the twins to go shopping, ________ ________?(完成反意疑问句) [03哈尔滨]
　　[扫描4]
　　there be句型的反意疑问句必须用there进行反问，这时需要注意的是there be句型中是否有seldom, hardly, little, few, no, nothing, nobody之类的否定词或半否定词，若有，则该部分应看成是否定的，反意疑问部分必须用肯定式。如果there be中带有否定的前缀的词，则该部分应看成肯定式，反意疑问部分仍要用否定形式。如: There was an unusual bike under the tree, wasn’t there?
　　答案要点：根据扫描4可得，1. A 2. D 3. was ther