Most people will tell you that without a cup of coffee in the morning, they cannot function. Research has shown that the cup of coffee does give an individual a slight jolt, but even without the coffee, individuals can still function. Coffee is considered harmful if taken in large dosages, but the caffeine in coffee can actually help fight disease. Coffee has more antioxidants than tea, making it a good drink when consumed in moderation.
大部分人会告诉你，如果早上不喝一杯咖啡，他们就活动不起来。研究表明，一杯咖啡确实可以稍微激起人的活力，但即使没有这杯咖啡，人也可以活动起来。如果大量饮用的话，咖啡被认为是有害的，但是咖啡中的咖啡因实际上可以帮助抵抗疾病。咖啡比茶含有更多的抗氧化剂，这使它在饮用适量的前提下是一种好的饮用品。
History
历史
Legend says that Kaldi, an Ethiopian, discovered his goats feasting on coffee shrubs. Inquisitive, he tasted the leaves and began to dance around. A passing monk witnessed the scene and took some back to his fellow monks. Later that night, the monks experienced divine inspiration. Whether the legend is true or not, the discovery of coffee dates back to 800 A.D. when Africans created a coffee-berry pulp. Soon Arabia was roasting coffee beans. By 1000 A.D., Muslims were drinking the broth to stay awake. A merchant from Venice introduced coffee to Europe in 1615. By 1696, the Dutch started growing the coffee bush in Java. By 1723, coffee plants were introduced to the Americas. And by 1908, the first drip coffeemaker was introduced. Today, coffee is the most popular drink in the world.
传说，卡尔迪（Kaldi），一个埃塞俄比亚人，发现他的山羊在大吃特吃咖啡矮树。好奇之下，他品尝了树叶，然后开始手舞足蹈。一个路过的修道士亲眼目睹了这一幕，他带了一些回去给他的同伴们。那天夜里晚些时候，修道士们体验到了神圣的灵感。不论这个传说是真是假，咖啡的发现要回溯到公元800年，那时非洲人制造出了一种咖啡浆果浆。很快，阿拉伯人就在烤咖啡豆了。到公元1000年，穆斯林在喝其煮成的汤汁来保持清醒。1615年一位来自威尼斯的商人将咖啡介绍到欧洲。到1696年，荷兰人开始在爪哇种植咖啡树。到1723年，咖啡种植被引进到美洲。到1908年，第一个滴滤式咖啡壶问世。现今，咖啡是世界上最大众化的饮用品。
Types
种类
There are more than 6,000 variations of coffee, 25 major types of coffee and 3 commercial categories according to ultimate-coffees-info.com. The three commercial types are Arabica, Robusta and Kona. Kona types of coffee beans are grown in Hawaii. They have a powerful aroma. Arabica beans provide 60 percent of the coffee. They are blended or used alone. The flavor is delicate. Robusta beans account for 40 percent of the beans and are easier to grow because they are less susceptible to disease. They have a strong flavor, so they add a good punch to any blend.
根据ultimate-coffees-info.com网，咖啡有6000多个变种，25个大类和3个商业品种。这三个商业品种是阿拉比卡（Arabica）、罗布斯塔（Robusta）和柯纳（Kona）。柯纳种咖啡豆生长在夏威夷，它们有浓郁的香味。阿拉比卡豆供应咖啡的60%，它们混合或单独使用，口味香美。罗布斯特豆占咖啡豆的40%，较易种植，因为它们较不容易感染病害，它们有一种浓郁的香味，所以它们给任何混合物都添加上一种好的调味剂。
Function
功用
Caffeine is the major chemical in coffee. It blocks adenosine, a chemical that makes you drowsy. The result is a pick-me-up or stimulation from the drink. The stimulation does not last long. And if the coffee consumption is stopped, the brain cells need stimulation to stop the sluggish feeling. Caffeine intoxication can occur if more than 400 milligrams of caffeine is ingested in a short period. This is about four to five cups of brewed coffee. Caffeine also works as a mild diuretic, and eliminates calcium through the urine. Caffeine will also cause sleep disturbances, so it should be avoided before bed.
咖啡因是咖啡中的主要化学物质。它阻挡腺苷，腺苷是一种使你昏昏欲睡的化学物质。其产生的效果是来自饮料的一种兴奋作用或刺激。这种刺激持续时间并不长。而且如果停用咖啡，大脑细胞需要刺激来阻止呆滞的感觉。如果在短期内摄取超过400毫克咖啡因，就可能发生咖啡因中毒。这约是四到五杯煮咖啡。咖啡因还起着一种温和利尿剂的作用，经由尿液排出钙。咖啡因还会造成睡眠障碍，所以在上床睡觉前应该避免饮用。
Benefits
益处
Caffeine has many benefits. Studies have shown that it helps cognitive skills in elderly women over 65. Women who drank three cups of coffee daily scored higher on memory tests than women who drank one cup of coffee. According to newser.com, one cup of coffee a day protects the brain by destroying toxins in the bloodstream. Coffee has antioxidants that fight disease according to webmd.com. Webmd.com's article, The Buzz on Coffee, goes on to say that "studies have shown that regular coffee drinkers can reduce their risk of Parkinson's disease by 80%, the risk of colon cancer by 25%, the risk of cirrhosis of the liver by 80%, and cut the risk of gallstones in half."
咖啡因有很多益处。研究表明，它对65岁以上老年女性的认知能力有帮助。每天喝三杯咖啡的女性在记忆力测试上比喝一杯咖啡的女性得分高。根据newser.com网，每天一杯咖啡通过破坏血流中的毒素保护大脑。根据webmd.com网，咖啡含有防治疾病的抗氧化剂。webmd.com上的文章，《对咖啡的低语》（The Buzz on Coffee）进一步说“研究表明经常饮用咖啡的人可以减少80%患帕金森氏症的风险、25%患结肠癌的风险、80%患肝硬化的风险，以及减少一半患胆结石的风险。”
Warning
警告
Large consumptions of coffee can cause nervousness, jitters and a racing heartbeat. It can also cause heartburn. There is a link between the consumption of coffee and osteoporosis in women. Women who drink two or more cups of coffee a day may experience loss of bone density. However, if they counteract the consumption of coffee with milk, they are fine. Because coffee is a diuretic, the urine removes calcium from the body that must be replaced. Caffeine can be addicting like any drug. The more the body consumes, the more it tolerates it. For some people, just one cup of coffee a day can become habitual.
大量饮用咖啡能造成神经过敏、心神不宁和心跳加快。它还能造成胃灼热。在饮用咖啡和女性的骨质疏松症之间有某种联系。每天饮用两杯或更多咖啡的女性可能遭到骨密度的损失。然而，如果她们用牛奶抵消咖啡的用量，就没事。因为咖啡是一种利尿剂，尿从身体里排出了钙，而钙必须要补回去。咖啡因像任何毒品一样能够使人上瘾。身体饮用得越多，对它就越有耐受性。对有些人来说，每天只喝一杯咖啡就能养成习惯。
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