Find out what kind of plastic you're dealing with. Many times (especially in high-end items like vehicles) you'll need a particular cement to bond a particular type of plastic.
For functional plastics with little or no consideration for looks, some companies offer liquid-powder mixes which slowly harden, allowing you to mold it appropriately.
Other products start as a malleable polymer. These allow you to mold the patch to your liking. When you are satisfied with the fix, apply a second agent which hardens the first permanently.
Get the appropriate tool for the job. A good place to look first is an auto parts store, even if you're not dealing with cars. If you are fixing something on a vehicle, there will likely be a fix specific to it. Headlamps, for example, have kits available which are similar to windshield repair kits.
Consider a plastic welder. Some ATV and motorcycle parts are only repairable by using a plastic welder. They cost a couple hundred dollars and are easy to use with an instruction manual. They use an epoxy that hardens when the welder is applied to it.
Whatever patch you use, you will likely need to refine your work once the patch hardens. Use progressively finer sandpaper to smooth the rough edges and shape the patch appropriately.
Paint over the patch if necessary. To match the paint, find a sample and take it to a local paint store where they will be able to match the color and mix the paint for you.
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