扁桃体结石的形成原因
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扁桃体自身结构及功能
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“垃圾”累积
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生物膜的形成
扁桃体结石常见吗?
扁桃体结石的相关症状
扁桃体结石的治疗
1
我们自己能做些什么?
2
医学处理手段
参考文献
[1]Niedzielski A, Chmielik LP, Mielnik-Niedzielska G, et al. Adenoid hypertrophy in children: a narrative review of pathogenesis and clinical relevance. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2023 Apr;7(1):e001710. doi: 10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001710. PMID: 37045541; PMCID: PMC10106074.
[2]BuSaba, N. & Doron, S. (2021). Tonsillectomy in adults: Indications. Uptodate.
[3]Kim, M.J., et al., Multidetector computed tomography imaging characteristics of asymptomatic palatine tonsilloliths: a retrospective study on 3886 examinations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 2018. 125(6): p. 693-698.
[4]Takahashi, A., et al., Prevalence and imaging characteristics of palatine tonsilloliths evaluated on 2244 pairs of panoramic radiographs and CT images. Clin Oral Investig, 2017. 21(1): p. 85-91.
[5]Oda, M., et al., Prevalence and imaging characteristics of detectable tonsilloliths on 482 pairs of consecutive CT and panoramic radiographs. BMC Oral Health, 2013. 13: p. 54.
[6]Krespi, Y.P. and V. Kizhner, Laser tonsil cryptolysis: in-office 500 cases review. Am J Otolaryngol, 2013. 34(5): p. 420-4.
[7]Ferguson, M., M. Aydin, and J. Mickel, Halitosis and the tonsils: a review of management. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2014. 151(4): p. 567-74.
策划制作
来源丨怡禾科普
作者丨陈删 耳鼻喉科医生
责编丨何通
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