简单句的五种基本类型

 

初学写作的时候，应注意把握句子的基本类型，以便写出符合英语语法和表达习惯的句子。句子的基本结构有如下几类：

1. 主语+不及物动词

不及物动词的后面不接宾语，但很多时候，这个不及物动词有副词或别的状语修饰。有的动词如果不加状语修饰，句子的意思就可能不完整。如：

Mr. Li stayed. → Mr. Li stayed until the meeting was over.

She lived. → She lived in the country. (from www.nmet168.com)

2. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语

在这类结构中，可用作表语的有分词、形容词、名词、代词、副词、介词短语等。如：

We are determined to compete for the first prize in the match.

She was too tired.

Mr. Li is a middle school teacher.

It’s me.

The light was out.

Your father is in his office.

3. 主语+及物动词+宾语

可以用作宾语的通常有名词、代词等。如：

I saw a film yesterday.

I didn’t meet him at the meeting.

4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

这类结构中的间接宾语和直接宾语又统称为双宾语。常接双宾语的动词有：give, pass, send, teach, buy, bring, show等。直接宾语和间接宾语的位置通常可以互相交换。当直接宾语(指物的宾语)位于间接宾语(指人的宾语)前面时，间接宾语的前面通常有一个介词for或to。如(from www.nmet168.com)：

Mother bought me a watch. →Mother bought a watch for me.

She showed us her new dress. →She showed her new dress to us.

5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补

可以用作宾补的词语有形容词、分词、副词等。如：

I heard him singing in her room.

We must keep our rivers clean.

任何句子都是在上述的这些句子的基础上变化而来的。所以，我们要注意把握这些基本的句型结构，写出完整而又符合规则的句子。