埃兹拉·庞德(Ezra Pound),
美国著名诗人。1885年10月30日出生于美国爱达荷州的海利镇。在去欧洲以前,他在宾夕法尼亚州立大学就学,在那里攻读美国历史、古典文学、罗曼斯语言文学。两年后,他转至哈密尔顿大学(Hamilton College)学习,1906年获硕士学位。1898年庞德首次赴欧,以后于1902年,1906年及1908年先后共四次去欧洲。1908年定居伦敦,以后一度成为伦敦文坛上举足轻重的人物。
庞德最著名的作品,要属意象派名作《在地铁站内》:
In a Station of the Metro
The apparition of these faces in the crowd;
Petals on a wet, black bough.
(人群中这些面孔幽灵般呈现;
湿漉漉的黑枝条上朵朵花瓣)
《在地铁站内》仅两行、14个字,是一首单一意象诗(one-image poem)。它是庞德根据在巴黎协和广场地铁站的印象写成的。诗虽短,但诗人最后落笔定稿前经过相当一段时间的酝酿和推敲。
在地铁站庞德眼前闪过一张张美丽的脸。在归途中,这些脸在他眼前反复出现,直到最后他们逐渐变成了一片片彩色印花色底。这时他产生了一个念头,要作出一幅纯粹表现色彩的斑斑点点的非写实主义的画,但他不会作画,只能以诗代之。诗的两行互相依存。apparition是幻象、幽灵,使人们联想到来来往往的乘客的一张张脸。第二行的petal花瓣则传递了美的信息。这一信息由于有深色而又带湿气的树枝的反衬而变得突出鲜明了,同时也给人以模糊重叠之感,意境也就更丰满了。
庞德翻译的《长干行》:
《长干行》 李白
妾发初覆额,折花门前剧。
郎骑竹马来,绕床弄青梅。
同居长干里,两小无嫌猜。
十四为君妇,羞颜未尝开。
低头向暗壁,千唤不一回。
十五始展眉,愿同尘与灰。
常存抱柱信,岂上望夫台。
十六君远行,瞿塘滟滪堆。
五月不可触,猿鸣天上哀。
门前迟行迹,一一生绿苔。
苔深不能扫,落叶秋风早。
八月蝴蝶来,双飞西园草。
感此伤妾心,坐愁红颜老。
早晚下三巴,预将书报家。
相迎不道远,直至长风沙。
The River-Merchant's -Wife:A letter-Ezra Pound
While my hair was still cut straight across my forehead I played about the front gate, pulling flowers.
You came by on bamboo stilts, playing horse, You walked about my seat, playing with blue plums.
And we went on living in the village of Chokan: Two smallpeople,without dislike or suspicion.
At fourteen I married My Lord you.
I never laughed, being bashful.
Lowering my head, I looked at the wall.
Called to, a thousand times, I never looked back.
At fifteen I stopped scowling, I desired my dust to be mingled with yours Forever and forever and forever.
Why should I climb the look out?
At sixteen you departed, You went into far Ku-to-en, by the river of swirling eddies, And you have been gone five months.
The monkeys make sorrowful noise overhead.
You dragged your feet when you went out.
By the gate now, the moss is grown, the different mosses, Too deep to clear them away!
The leaves fall early this autumn, in wind.
The paired butterflies are already yellow with August Over the grass in the West garden; They hurt me.
I grow older.
If you are coming down through the narrows of the river Kiang, Please let me know beforehand, And I will come out to meet you As far as Cho-fu-Sa.
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