◆know v.
1. 其后一般不直接跟不定式,但可接“疑问词(why 除外)+不定式”。如:
I didn’t know what to say. 我不知道说什么。
We don’t know when to start. 我们不知道什么时候出发。
注:若要表示懂得如何做某事(即会做某事),英语一般用 know
how to do sth。由于这里的 how(如何) 在汉语中常可不译,所以初学者往往把这个 how 漏掉。如:
他会弹钢琴。
误:He knows to play the piano.
正:He knows how to play the piano.
另外,虽然 know 之后一般不直接跟不定式,但有时可跟不定式的否定式。如:
She knows not to tell anyone about it. 她知道不该告诉任何人。
2. 比较 know 与 get [come] to know:前者意为“认识”,是持续性动词;后者意为“开始认识”,是终止性动词。如:
We’ve known each other for 10 years. 我们俩认识10年了。
We got to know each other ten years ago. 我们俩是10年前认识的。
3. know 之后可接不定式的复合结构,主要句型为:
(1) know+宾语+to be (to be 通常不省略),这类句型可转换为以 that 引导的宾语从句。如:
I know him to be a fool. /I know (that) he is a fool. 我知道他是个傻瓜。
(2) know+宾语+to do(有时可省略 to),在这类句型中 know 一般只限于用过去时或完成时。常译为“听说过”、“见过”等。如:
I never knew him (to) do such a thing. 我从未见过他干那种事。
I’ve never known it (to) snow in July before. 我以前从未听说过七月份会下雪。
注:在被动语态中,不定式必须带 to。如:
He has never been known to tell a lie. 从未有人听说过他说谎。
4. 比较:be known as, be known for 与 be known to:
(1) be known as 意为“作为……出名”。如:
She was well known as an excellent dancer. 她作为一个杰出的舞蹈家非常有名。
(2) be known for 意为“因为……出名”。如:
He is known for his poems. 他以他的诗出名。
(3) be known to 意为“为……所知”。如:
He is known to everyone. 大家都熟悉他。
◆knowledge n.
1. 表示“知识”,是不可数名词;表泛指意义时,其前不用任何冠词。如:
Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。
Young people are eager for knowledge. 年轻人喝望知识。
要表示对知识了解的程度,可用 a little, some, much 等修饰,但不可用 a few, many 等修饰,也不能用复数形式。如:
A little knowledge is a dangerous thing. (谚语)一知半解是很危险的。
2. 表示某人对某一具体事物或具体学科的知识时,也是不可数名词,但可在其前使用不定冠词(此时的不定冠词大致相当于 some)。如:
He has a wide knowledge of history. 他有广泛的历史知识。
A knowledge of language is always useful. 关于语言的知识总是有用的。
当然,不用不定冠词而用其它类似词也是可能的。如:
He has much knowledge of music. 他很懂音乐知识。
3. 表示“有关……的知识”,通常要用 the knowledge of 这样的结构,一般不直接用有关名词(形容词)置于其前作定语。如:
He is interested in the knowledge of chemistry. 他对化学知识很感兴趣。
My knowledge of English is poor. 我的英语知识很贫乏。
比较:
误:French (physics, history, music) knowledge
正:the knowledge of French (physics, history, music)
4. 汉语常说“学习知识”,但英语中一般不将 knowledge与动词learn, study 连用,而用 get, gain, obtain, acquire 等来表示“获得(学到)知识”。如:
When he was in France he got [gained]an excellent knowledge of French. 他在法国期间学会了地道的法语。(英语语法网)
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