堪萨斯州（Kansas）是美国中部7个州之一，位于美国本土的正中心。该州北接内布拉斯加州，南邻俄克拉何马州，西与科罗拉多州接壤，东与密苏里州相连。除东北隅临密苏里河一段州界稍有弯曲外，整个州域呈长方形。堪萨斯州地势平坦，自东向西逐渐增高，属北美大草原。首府托皮卡（Topeka，也译托尼卡）。堪萨斯州是美国第一个承认宪法所赋予美国非洲裔人民选举权的州。
全州人口2,893,957（2013年）。面积21万平方公里。冬小麦产量，在美国五十州中，列第一位。是美国大陆四十八州地理中心。
堪萨斯州基本信息编辑
建立时间
1861年，堪萨斯加入联邦而成为美国第34州。
政府信息
地理信息
人口信息
物产信息
设施建筑
其他信息
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堪萨斯州州徽
堪萨斯州
13～16世纪大批印第安人曾在里帕布利肯河和布鲁河流域建立农业社区。1541年西班牙探险家科罗纳多为寻找黄金到此。1682年此地归法国所有，法国皮毛商与印第安人在此进行频繁交易。1803年根据购买路易斯安那协议让给美国。1803年归属美国。1861年建州后加入联邦，为美国第34州。
一八三一年开始殖民。一八六一年一月二十九日成为美国第三十四州。以向日葵花（Sunflower）为州花。堪萨斯州别名叫做“向日葵之州”Sunflower-State。堪萨斯州箴言：“排除万难，追求幸福”TotheStarsthroughDifficulties.
州内大专学院有五三所，其中以堪萨斯大学（UniversityofKansas）为最著名。它位于州府以东之罗伦斯Lawrence，创于一八六四年，学生约两万。另外几所州内著名大学为堪萨斯州立大学（KansasStateUniversity）、福特海斯州立大学（FortHaysStateUniversity）和维契托州立大学（WichitaStateUniversity）。
堪萨斯州（Kansas）是美国中部的一个州，位于美国本土的正中心，州名来自印地安苏族的语言，代表了“南风之人”（Peopleofthesouthwind）邮政编号是KS。堪萨斯州是首个赋予非裔美国人选举权的州。
地理环境
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地理位置
堪萨斯州位于美国大陆四十八州地理中心。北界内布拉斯加州。南邻俄克拉荷马州。西接科罗拉多州。东与密苏里州毗连。
堪萨斯州位于美国大陆中部。北界内布拉斯加州。南邻俄克拉荷马州。西接科罗拉多州。东与密苏里州毗连。堪萨斯州气候，冬季内已无刺骨的寒风夏季内却有薰人的暖风（墨西哥湾暖气流北上）。降雨量中等。
地形地貌
堪萨斯州的密西西比河卫星地图
由西北角到东南角可分三区：
（A）西部是高平原，面积最大，约占本州面积三分之二，高度有一千多公尺，地面已被切割，出现沟谷丘陵。
（B）东北部冰碛区，面积很小，也被切割。
（C）东南部是大平原区，高度只有二百公尺。
全州地势西高东低，大部地区是广阔坦荡的高平原，是地势平坦而没有树木生长的地区，其中有河谷、小溪及峡谷，平均海拔610米。许多小丘陵高出平原面30～100米，如东部的弗林特丘陵，西部的斯莫基丘陵及雷德丘陵。西部靠近科罗拉多州边境的森弗劳尔山（向日葵山）海拔1231米，为全州最高点。弗林特丘陵，意译是燧石丘陵，因往日印第安人在这个丘陵区内寻找燧石，作箭头用而得名。南部靠近俄克拉何马州的弗迪格里斯河谷海拔213米，为全境最低点。
气候特征
堪萨斯州龙卷风
堪萨斯州属温带大陆性气候，有严冬酷暑，温差变化大，但时间不长。1月平均气温－3～1℃，7月平均气温24～27℃。年平均气温为13℃。生长期从4月中旬到9月中旬，年平均降水量东南部为1000毫米，西部为500毫米。堪萨斯全州的平均降水量约690毫米。西部降水集中在夏季，常有旱灾和沙暴天气。
堪萨斯州以天气晴朗而闻名，堪萨斯州每年有超过275天以上的晴天。
水文
大多数河流自西向东流。北部属堪萨斯河流域，重要支流有布鲁河、里帕布利肯河、所罗门河、萨林河和斯莫基希尔河。南部属阿肯色河流域，主要支流有锡马隆河、弗迪格里斯河、尼欧肖河和梅里德辛河。堪萨斯东北边界的一角是密西西比河。本州河流由于地面向东南倾斜，适合筑灌溉渠，已建有数百座小型人造湖。
行政区划
编辑
County
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
WilliamAllen,U.S.SenatorfromOhioandprominentsupporterofwestwardexpansion
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
JosephC.Anderson,KansasterritoriallegislatorandBorderRuffianduring"BleedingKansas"
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
DavidRiceAtchison,U.S.SenatorfromMissouriandBorderRuffianduring"BleedingKansas"
ThomasW.Barber,prominentFree-StaterkilledintheWakarusaWar
ClaraBarton,founderoftheAmericanRedCross
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
BourbonCounty,Kentucky,fromwhichmanyoriginalsettlershailed
Oneoftheoriginal36counties(FormerlyBrowneCounty)
AlbertGallatinBrown,U.S.SenatorfromMississippiandKansasstatehoodadvocate
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
AndrewPickensButler,U.S.SenatorfromSouthCarolinaandKansasstatehoodadvocate
FormedfromButlerandWisecounties
SalmonPortlandChase,U.S.SenatorfromOhioandKansasstatehoodadvocate
ChautauquaCounty,NewYork,fromwhichmanyearlysettlershailed
Oneoftheoriginal36counties(FormerlyMcGeeCounty)
CherokeeNativeAmericans,whoselandsbordersthecountyinnearbyIndianTerritory
CheyenneNativeAmericans,whoinhabitedthearea
CharlesF.Clarke,Captainin6thRegimentKansasVolunteerCavalryduringAmericanCivilWar
HenryClay,influentialU.S.SenatorfromKentucky
FormedfromWashington(FormerlyShirleyCounty)
WilliamF.Cloud,UniongeneralintheAmericanCivilWarwhochieflyfoughtinKansasandMissouri
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
A.M.Coffey,territoriallegislatorandFree-StaterduringBleedingKansas
ComancheNativeAmericans,wholivedinthearea
MatthewR.Cowley,UnionlieutenantanddistinguishedCivilWarhero
BourbonandCherokeeCounties
SamuelJ.Crawford,thirdGovernorofKansas
StephenDecatur,navalcommodoreandWarof1812hero
DanielStevensDickinson,U.S.SenatorfromNewYorkandKansasstatehoodadvocate
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
AlexanderWilliamDoniphan,Mexican-AmericanWarheroandpro-slaverysympathizerin"BleedingKansas"
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
StephenArnoldDouglas,U.S.SenatorfromIllinoisandadvocateforthemoderatepopularsovereigntychoiceintheKansasslaverydebate
JohnH.Edwards,statesenatorwhopushedforcreationofthecounty
ElkRiver,whichoriginatesinthecounty
GeorgeEllis,UnionlieutenantanddistinguishedCivilWarhero
FortEllsworth,aUnionCivilWaroutpostinthearea
FormedfromArapahoe,Grant,KearneyandSequoyahCounties
DavidW.Finney,tenthlieutenantgovernorofKansas
JamesH.Ford,UniongeneralintheCivilWarwhomainlyfoughtinKansasandMissouri
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
BenjaminFranklin,orator,writer,scholar,andfoundingfatheroftheU.S.
Oneoftheoriginal36counties(FormerlyDavisCounty)
JohnWhiteGeary,UniongeneralintheCivilWarwhomainlyfoughtinKansasandMissouri,andwholaterbecameKansasterritorialgovernor
GrenvilleL.Gove,Captaininthe11thRegimentKansasVolunteerCavalryduringtheCivilWar
JohnL.Graham,UnioncaptainandCivilWarhero
FormedfromFinneyandHamiltonCounties
UlyssesSimpsonGrant,commanderofUnionforcesduringtheCivilWarandU.S.President
FormedfromFinneyandFordCounties
AlfredGray,KansasSecretaryofAgriculture
HoraceGreeley,publisheroftheNewYorkTribuneandanti-slaveryadvocate
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
AlfredB.Greenwood,U.S.RepresentativefromArkansasandKansasstatehoodadvocate
AlexanderHamilton,firstU.S.TreasurySecretaryandfoundingfather
MarionHarper,UnionsergeantandCivilWarhero
FormedfromMcPherson,SedgwickandRenoCounties
JamesM.Harvey,fifthgovernorofKansas
FormedfromFinneyandFordCounties
DudleyChaseHaskell,U.S.RepresentativefromKansas
Fromunorganizedarea(FormerlyHagemanCounty)
AmosHodgman,UnioncaptainandCivilWarhero
Oneoftheoriginal36counties(FormerlyCalhounCounty)
AndrewJackson,seventhU.S.President
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
ThomasJefferson,thirdU.S.Presidentandfoundingfather
LewisR.Jewell,UnioncolonelandCivilWarhero
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
ThomasJohnson,Methodistmissionarywhowasoneofthestate'sfirstsettlers
FormedfromFinneyandHamiltonCounties
PhilipKearny,AmericangeneralintheMexican-AmericanandCivilWars
SamuelA.Kingman,ChiefJusticeoftheKansasSupremeCourt
FormedfromComancheandEdwardsCounties
KiowaNativeAmericans,whoinhabitedthearea
PierreLaBette,Frenchfurtrapperwhoformedapeacefulrelationshipwithareanatives
JamesH.Lane,U.S.SenatorfromKansasandFree-Staterduring"BleedingKansas"
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
HenryLeavenworth,generalintheIndianWarswhoestablishedafortinthearea
AbrahamLincoln,sixteenthU.S.President
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
LewisFieldsLinn,U.S.SenatorfromKentuckywhosefamilywaslaterinvolvedinthesettlementofKansas
FormedfromWallaceCounty(formerlynamedSt.JohnCounty)
JohnAlexanderLogan,prominentUnionCivilWargeneralandU.S.SenatorfromIllinois
Oneoftheoriginal36counties(FormerlyBreckenridgeCounty)
NathanielLyon,firstUniongeneraltobekilledintheCivilWar
FrancisMarion,AmericanRevolutionaryWarhero
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
FrankJ.Marshall,staterepresentativewhobecamelocallyknownforoperatingthefirstferryovertheBigBlueRiver
JamesBirdseyeMcPherson,prominentUnionCivilWargeneral
FormedfromFinney,FordandSewardCounties
GeorgeGordonMeade,UnionCivilWargeneralbestknownforhisvictoryattheBattleofGettysburg
Oneoftheoriginal36counties(FormerlyLykins)
MiamiNativeAmericans,wholivedinthearea
WilliamD.Mitchell,UnioncaptainandCivilWarhero
RichardMontgomery,RevolutionaryWarhero
Oneoftheoriginal36counties(FormerlyWiseCounty)
ThomasMorris,U.S.SenatorfromOhioandanti-slaveryadvocate
OliverP.Morton,GovernorofIndianaandprominentanti-slaveryadvocate
Oneoftheoriginal36counties(FormerlyDornCounty)
NemahaRiver,whichpassesthroughthecounty
Oneoftheoriginal36counties(FormerlyDornCounty)
NeoshoRiver,whichpassesthroughthecounty
NoahV.Ness,Corporalin7thRegimentKansasVolunteerCavalryduringCivilWar
Fromunorganizedarea(FormerlyBillings(1873-9)
OrloffNorton,UnioncaptainandCivilWarhero
Oneoftheoriginal36counties(FormerlyWellerCounty)
OsageRiver,whichflowsthroughthecounty
VincentB.Osborne,UnionsoldierandCivilWarhero
OttawaNativeAmericans,wholivedinthearea
PawneeNativeAmericans,wholivedinthearea
WilliamPhillips,statelegislatorwhopushedforcreationofthecounty,andlaterU.S.Representative
FormedfromCalhounandRiley
PottawatomieNativeAmericans,wholivedinthearea
CalebPratt,UnionlieutenantandCivilWarhero
JohnAaronRawlins,prominentUnionCivilWargeneral
JesseL.Reno,prominentUnionCivilWargeneral
FormedfromWashingtonCounty
RepublicanRiver,whichflowsthroughthecounty
SamuelA.Rice,prominentUnionCivilWargeneral
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
BennettC.Riley,Mexican-AmericanWarhero
JohnC.Rooks,Privatein11thRegimentKansasVolunteerCavalryduringCivilWar
AlexanderRush,UnioncaptainandCivilWarhero
AlvaP.Russell,UnioncaptainandCivilWarhero
SalineRiver,whichflowsthroughthecounty
WinfieldScott,Mexican-AmericanWarheroandunsuccessfulpresidentialcandidate
JohnSedgwick,highestrankingUniongeneralkilledintheCivilWar
WilliamHenrySeward,U.S.SecretaryofState
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
ShawneeNativeAmericans,wholivedinthearea
PhilipHenrySheridan,prominentUnionCivilWargeneral
WilliamTecumsehSherman,prominentCivilWargeneral
J.NelsonSmith,UnionmajorandCivilWarhero
LewisStafford,UnioncaptainandCivilWarhero
EdwinMcMastersStanton,U.S.SecretaryofWarduringtheCivilWar
ThaddeusStevens,U.S.RepresentativefromPennsylvaniawhowasaleaderofReconstructionpolitics
CharlesSumner,U.S.SenatorfromMassachusettswhowasaleaderofReconstructionpolitics
GeorgeHenryThomas,prominentUnionCivilWargeneral
EdgarP.Trego,UnioncaptainandCivilWarhero
Oneoftheoriginal36counties(FormerlyRichardsonCounty)
ChiefWabaunsee,Potawatomileader
W.H.L.Wallace,prominentUnionCivilWargeneral
GeorgeWashington,firstU.S.Presidentandfoundingfather
WichitaNativeAmericans,wholivedinthearea
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
HieroT.Wilson,UnioncolonelandCivilWarhero
Oneoftheoriginal36counties
DanielWoodson,fivetimeactinggovernorofKansasTerritory
FormedfromLeavenworthandJohnsonCounties
WyandotteNativeAmericans,wholivedinthearea
