(2)元素周期表之二十九

Copper

古代人们把铜取名为 Copper，该词源自拉丁语Cuprum，与从前在“塞浦路”找到铜矿有关。德语叫Kupfer。

A major source of copper in theancient world was the Mediterranean island of Cyprus,  so the Romans calledit cyprium aes ‘metal ofCyprus’. This became cuprum in late Latin, from whichit was borrowed into prehistoric West and North Germanic as*kupar, source of OldEnglish coper. (Copper the slang term for ‘policeman’is  simplythe agent noun formed from the verb cop ‘seize’, which probablycomes via Old French caper from Latin capere ‘seize, take’, source ofEnglish capture.)

capture   Along with its relatives captive, captivity, captivate, andcaptor, capture is the English language’s most directlineal descendant of Latin capere ‘take,  seize’  (others includecapable, case for carrying things, cater, and chase, and heave isdistantly connected). First to arrive was captive, which was originally a verb,meaning ‘capture’; it came via Old French captiver from Latin captīvus, the past participle ofcapere. Contemporary inEnglish was the adjectival use of captive, from which the noundeveloped. (The now archaic caitiff comes from the sameultimate source, via an altered Vulgar Latin *cactivus and Old French caitiffcaptive’.) Next on the scene was capture, in the 16th century;originally it was only a noun, and it was not converted to verbaluse until the late 18th century, when it replaced captivein  thisrole. Also 16th-century is captivate, from the past participle oflate Latin  captivāre, a derivativeof captīvus; this toooriginally meant capture’, a sense which did not die out until the19th century: ‘The British … captivated four successive patrols’, JohnNeal, Brother Jonathan 1825.

captive  n.俘虏, 迷恋者 adj. 被俘的, 被迷住的

【反】free

captivity  n. 囚禁, 被俘, 束缚

【同】:  enslavement immurement imprisonment incarceration

 

captivate    vt.迷住, 迷惑

【同】:  bewitch charm delight fascinate

captor    n. 捕捉者, 逮捕者

capture   n. 抓取; 捕获之物, 战利品; 把屏幕的所有或部分拷贝到暂时记忆区 (计算机用语); 俘虏  v. 俘获; 夺取; 捕获