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阅读理解+七选五
(限时30分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
We know the famous ones—Thomas Edison and the Alexander Graham Bells—but what about the less famous inventors?What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刮器)?Shouldn’t we know who they are?
Joan McLean thinks so.In fact,McLean,a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range,feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic.In addition to learning “who” invented “what” ,however,McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions.According to Mclean,“When students learn the answers to these questions,they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”
Her students agree.One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean’s statement.“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’s invention,” said Tommy Lee,a senior physics major.“I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rain storm into something so constructive.” Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.
So,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper?Well,Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City.The day was cold and stormy,but Anderson still wanted to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a streetcar.Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield,she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device for cleaning the window.Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham,Alabama,Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas,a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper.
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgan’s traffic light.It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?
1.By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”,the author indicates that countless inventions are .
A.beneficial,because their inventors are famous
B.beneficial,though their inventors are less famous
C.not useful,because their inventors are less famous
D.not useful,though their inventors are famous
2.Professor Joan McLean’ s course aims to .
A.add color and variety to students’ campus life
B.inform students of the windshield wiper’s invention
C.carry out the requirements by Mountain University
D.prepare students to try their own invention
3.Tommy Lee’ s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was .
A.not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer
B.inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper
C.due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm
D.not related to Professor Joan McLean’ s lectures
4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?( )
A.How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?
B.How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?
C.Shouldn’t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?
D.Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?
【语篇解读】
这是一篇生活知识类文章。文章主要告诉我们生活中一些有利于我们生活的小发明的发明者也一样值得我们牢记和感谢。
【答案及解析】
1.B 判断推理题。根据文章第一段内容结合下文可推断,作者提到交通信号灯、雨刮器等发明,是想说无数的发明对人类十分有益,虽然它们的发明者没有太大的名气。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句When students learn the answers to these questions,they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.可知,Joan McLean教授开设这门课程的目的就是让学生有足够的准备去尝试自己发明东西。故选D。
3.B 细节理解题。通读文章第三段,并根据One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean’s statement可知,Tommy Lee发明的“不会折断的雨伞”就是受到了雨刮器背后的故事的激励。故选B。
4.C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章的第一段就是主题段,特别是第一段最后一句Shouldn’t we know who they are?充分体现了作者想要表达的心声,接下来的内容都是围绕第一段展开并为第一段服务的。故选C。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.constructive adj.建设性的;构造上的;有助益的
“I have just completed a constructive dialogue with her,”he said.
他说:“我刚刚结束了与她的建设性对话。”
2.innovation n.创新,革新;新方法
This technical innovation will save us much time and labor.
这项技术革新可以为我们节省大量的时间和劳力。
Ⅱ.七选五
Passage 1
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Any car accident is frightening,but an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water,with you trapped inside,is absolutely terrifying.1. However,most deaths result from panic,without a plan or understanding what is happening to the car in the water.By adopting a brace (支撑) position,acting decisively and getting out fast,you can save yourself from a sinking vehicle.
Brace yourself for impact (撞击力).As soon as you’re aware that you’re going off the road and into a body of water,adopt a brace position.The impact could set off the airbag system in your vehicle,so you should place both hands on the steering wheel in the “ten and two” position.
Undo your seatbelt.2. Untie the children,starting with the oldest first.Forget the cell phone call.Your car isn’t going to wait for you to make the call.
3. Leave the door alone at this stage and concentrate on the window.A car’s electrical system should work for up to three minutes in water,so try the method of opening it electronically first.Many people don’t think about the window as an escape option either because of panic or misinformation about doors and sinking.
Break the window.If you aren’t able to open the window,or it only opens halfway,you’ll need to break it with an object or your foot.It may feel counter-intuitive (有悖常理的) to let water into the car.4.
Escape when the car has equalized.If it has reached the dramatic stage where the car cabin has been filled with water and it has become balanced,you must move quickly and effectively to ensure your survival.5. While there is still air in the car,take slow,deep breaths and focus on what you’re doing.
A.Open the window as soon as you hit the water.
B.Surviving a sinking car is not as difficult as you think.
C.It takes 60 to 120 seconds for a car to fill up with water usually.
D.Such accidents are particularly dangerous to the risk of drowning.
E.In conclusion,if you know what to do in the water,you will be safe.
F.This is the first thing to attend to,yet it often gets forgotten in the panic.
G.But the sooner the window is open,the sooner you can escape directly through it.
【答案及剖析】
1.D 空格前的“an accident in which your vehicle is thrown into the water”与D项中的“Such accidents”对应,而空格处句子与空格后一句为转折关系,故选D。
2.F 空格前句“Undo your seatbelt.”与F项中的“This is the first thing to attend to”对应,故选F。
3.A 根据本段中的“concentrate on the window”和“Many people don’t think about the window as an escape option either because of panic...”可知选A。
4.G 首先空格前句与空格处为转折关系,本段仍旧围绕“window”进行阐述,G项所表达的意思为打开窗户逃生,与本段主旨一致,故选G。
5.C 空格前的“car cabin has been filled with water”与C项中的“fill up with water”对应,而C项所表达的意思也与空格后的“While there is still air in the car”相关联,故选C。
Passage 2
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Can’t get out of the office?Try these tips for a healthier,less stressful workday.
●1.
For upper-body strength:Stand a yard or more away from your desk,with your feet together. Place your palms on the edge of the desk a shoulder’s width apart. Lower your chest to the edge of the desk,and push back up. Remember to breathe out on the way up. Do 20 times.
●The little mermaid(美人鱼)at work.
Sit upright in your chair.Hold your right wrist over your head with your left hand and pull it,stretching your right side.Make sure to keep your shoulders down as you bend.Hold for 10 seconds.2. Take hold of your left wrist over your head with your right hand and stretch the other way.Repeat five times on each side.
●Shoulder spin.
A good move for flexibility. Sit tall in your chair and reach your left hand behind your back,between your shoulder blades(肩胛骨),palm out. Then reach your right hand up toward the ceiling,bend it down,and try to touch your left hand.3. Hold for 10 seconds. If not,grab onto your shirt and keep practicing. Switch arms and repeat.
●The wooden leg.
For lower-body strength:Sit in your chair,extend one leg out straight in front of you and hold for two seconds.Then raise it up as high as you can,and hold it again for two seconds.4.
●The magic carpet ride.
This works your core and arms.5. Then place your hands on the armrests,suck in your gut (内脏 )and raise yourself a few inches above the seat using your belly muscles and hands.Hold for 10 to 20 seconds.Rest for 30 seconds.Repeat five times.
A.Repeat with each leg 15 times.
B.Invisible chair sit.
C.Desk push ups.
D.If you can reach it,great!
E.Sit in your chair,legs crossed and feet on the seat.
F.Return to upright posture.
G.Release and raise your arms toward the ceiling again.
【答案及解析】
1.C 考查主题句。根据下文可知,本段讲的是高位俯卧撑,即:双手(单手)按在桌子上做的俯卧撑,故选C。
2.F 根据上文Sit upright in your chair. (在椅子上坐直),然后“把右腕举过头顶”可知,对应的“把左腕举过头顶”前也应当在椅子上坐直,即Return to upright posture.(还原。)
3.D 根据前一个句子...try to touch your left hand,要求“右手向上伸出,弯曲,试着够左手”。故选择D项。
4.A 根据前后段落最后一个句子可知,此处应是“重复以上动作”。
5.E 根据下文Then place your hands on the armrests(然后把手放在椅子扶手上)可知,此处要求填入的是坐在椅子上的第一个动作。
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