【深度技术】正确的解读发球抛球技术

【深度技术】正确解读发球抛球技术

 【课程内容】近期要求深度写发球技术的来信较集中，搜索了一下往期文章，“轻松入门”系列讲解了发球的通用技术，“巅峰之路”系列中详解了“Kick Serve”，详细分类了Kick的三种典型方式。从行易的观点来讲，详细分类讲解是系统理解和消弥分歧的最好方式。

在发球技术中，抛球是关乎发球成败的关键步骤，下面介绍这项技术。

《平击、上旋、切削发球时的抛球》

正确抛球是对击打平击、上旋和切削发球准确性和力量的关键。麻烦是在抛球时，连贯准确的把球抛在正确的点上。所以，你应该掌握不同发球时的抛球，以及怎样用自然的方式来抛球。

Tennis Serve Toss For Flat, Top Spin And Slice Serves

The correct service toss in tennis is crucial for hitting flat, top spin and slice serves with accuracy, comfort and power.

The tricky thing about the ball toss, though, is the consistency of placing the ball in the right spot.

So, where do you need to toss the ball for different tennis serves, and how do you improve your toss in the most natural way?

Tennis Serve Toss For Flat, Top Spin And Slice Serves

[1]平击抛球

平击抛球需要在底线里面一点，在头和击球臂之间。

平击发球的抛球位置

这样的说话只是一个粗浅的认识——你必须在实训中通过不断的微调找到准确的抛球。不要执迷于什么理论——实践出真知。更多的听从你身体，是不是很舒适？是不是轻松发力？

看看平击球的击球点和挥拍轨迹。拍面平对球，挥拍向前。

Service Toss For Flat Serves

The ball toss for flat serves needs to be inside the court and somewhere between the head and the shoulder of the hitting arm.

Ball toss for a flat tennis serve  Ball toss for a flat serve

This instruction is only a rough idea – you need to experiment to find the best toss for your serve by making small adjustments.

Do not stick to the theory – always experiment and listen to your body.

Do you feel comfortable, and are you able to generate power with little effort?

 

[2]切发抛球

切削发球时的抛球位置跟平击时差不多一样。在初学切发时，你可能更多的把球抛到右侧一些，以使在垂直方向有更好的切削感觉。

但很快你会知道，抛球点其实没什么差别的，不同之处在于击打方法。在平击发球时，你从后面开始击打；切削发球时，你从侧面开始击打。

切削发球抛球位置

切削发球的击球方式

Service Toss For Slice Serves

The ball toss for the slice serve in tennis is almost the same as the toss for the flat serve.

You may want to exaggerate the toss when you’re learning the slice serve by tossing the ball even more to the right (for right-handers) or even more forward.

That will force you to hit the ball from the side and make it spin more on the vertical axis so that you can get a better feel for the slice.

But eventually, you’ll find out that the toss is basically the same as when serving flat – the difference is more in how you hit the ball.

When serving flat, you hit it from behind, while you hit it from the side when serving slice. 

[3]上旋发球抛球

上旋发球抛球时，把球抛得略靠后背一些，但是仍然在场地内。

击球点不是在打平击和切发时在场地内，因为你的目标不是产生向前强力，而是产生很朋的向上势头给球施加上旋。

上旋发球的抛球

上旋发球的击球方式

需要注意的是：上旋发球时，身体的旋转要滞后那么一些，即不要完全转向场地，以保持有足够的向上击打。

看视频时有个共同的错觉是抛球在身后。这是真实的，因为开始向上击球时，身体已经侧转了。所以，“球在身后”这种情况实际是球对齐底线，而不是在底线后。

Service Toss For Top Spin Serves

When serving top spin in tennis, the ball needs to be tossed slightly behind the back but still inside the court.

The contact is not as inside of the court as it is on flat and slice serves, as your main goal is not to generate the most force forward but to create a lot of upward momentum so that you can impart good top spin on the ball.

Make sure to delay the rotation when serving top spin serves because that allows you hit more upwards.

The common misconception mentioned in the video is the idea of tossing the ball behind your back.

That is true only when the body is already rotated and ready to start the upward swing.

So, “behind the back” in this case is actually parallel to the baseline and NOT behind the baseline. 

[4]三种抛球比较

下面是平击发球、切削发球、上旋发球的抛球位置比较：

侧视情况：平击的侧旋的前后位置相财，完成全在身体前面；

上旋发球时抛球几乎在头顶

后视情况：平击和切削发球是在头和肩中间，上旋是在头顶上方。

【友情提示】对于发球还没有进入高级阶段的球员，或休闲球员，须注意，图中的示意是在击球时的动态相对位置。如果从静止抛球开始时，抛球的参考位置应该以平击和上旋抛头顶正前方，侧旋抛左耳上方。

Here’s a comparison of ball tosses for flat, slice and topspin serves from the back perspective:

 

[5]相同抛球位置

相同的抛球能用在所有发球中吗？

职业高手中有一些伟大的发球手，如罗杰.费德勒和拉奥尼奇，他们能用相同的抛球伪装发球。下面的视频来比较费德勒的平击和侧旋发球。

费德勒的平击和切削发球抛球：左为切削，右为平击。

有没有看出，当你达到一个高水平时，抛球几乎是一样的。但是上旋发球的抛球要达到这样，需要多年的训练和良好技术。费德勒在发上旋时用同样的抛球，是他并不追求暴力剔发。

显然，你可以用发平击的抛球去打一个上旋发球，但你很难施加强的旋转。所以，那些伪装的发球通常很快，但旋转并不那么厉害。上旋的目的是为了更安全的过网，而不是追求在地上弹起很多。

左图是费德勒在上旋大角度发球时的抛球

当费德勒在占先侧发大角度上旋球时，也是选择抛球在身后，这可以明显看出来。

他在平分区发中路高弹跳球时抛球在身后也同样透明。这里也有一个陷阱——你可能是直发中路的剔发球，但你可以通过抛球在身后引导对手误以为你要发的是大角度外角球，而实际你发的是中路。

 

Same Toss For All Types Of Serves?

There are some great servers on the pro tour, like Roger Federer and Milos Raonic, who are able to hide their serves behind the same toss.

Here’s a video of Roger serving and below you’ll find a comparison of two tosses – one of slice and one of a flat serve…

Roger Federer ball toss for slice and flat serves

Roger Federer ball toss: left is a slice and right is a flat serve

As you’ve seen, the toss for the flat and slice serve is almost the same once you reach a higher level of serving, but to hit the top spin serve from that same toss requires years of practice and very good hands.

The reason Roger Federer can serve even a top spin serve from the same toss is that he is not looking for a big kick serve .

It is obviously possible to hit a top spin serve from a toss that would typically allow you a flat serve, but you cannot impart very heavy spin.

So, those serves that are being disguised are typically quite fast, and the ball doesn’t spin that much. The spin is used simply for safety above the net but not for kicking up from the ground.

Roger Federer ball toss for a topspin serve out wide

When Roger opts for a kicker out wide (on the ad court), the toss is visibly more behind his back, and it is easier to read.

The same transparency can be seen when he opts for a high bouncing kick down the middle to the deuce court .There’s only one catch – it IS POSSIBLE to hit down the middle from a toss behind the back, and you can actually trick your opponent with the toss by leading them to believe that you’ll serve a kick serve out wide when in reality you serve down the middle.

[6]课外作业

为了大家准确掌握发球类型及抛球，特从费德勒的发球中选择出4个动图，请大家判断回答一下。切记：准确训练的前提是准确的理解，可不是走马观花，看过一点理解也没有。

图①发德勒的平分区发球

图②费德勒的占先区发球

图③费德勒的平分区发球

图④费德勒的占先区发球

 

[视频]平击切削上旋发球时的抛球

【视频源自FeelTennis】Tennis Serve Toss For Flat、Slice、and Top Spin.

 

【总结】

 总之，知道抛球是理论，在球场上却是现实。执着于理论不会给你找到理想的触球点的。

从理论开始，然后实践。从你的身体来决定你的发球的舒服和力量。

如果不是，尝试各个方向的抛球找到理想的抛球点。

【行易观点】

首先，抛球的位置，和你的触球时的身体姿态是相关的。如果你的触球姿态不那么严格相同，则不宜用相同的抛球位置。

其次，击球动作的不同也有很大差别。如，正确用手腕内旋和不用手腕内旋，击球点是不同的。

还有，就是挥拍轨迹的理解。

正确的理解抛球点，还得结合准确的击球动作基础。如果有这样或那样的抛球问题，建议找教练指点一下，会有立竿见影的效果。

In summary, there’s theory regarding the tennis serve toss, and there’s reality on court.

Sticking just to theory will not allow you to find the ideal contact point for your serve.

Start with theory, but then experiment and listen to your body to determine whether you’re able to serve with comfort and power.

If not, experiment with the toss in all directions until you find that ideal ball placement.

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