家父郭兴家先生是一位致力于英语教学与研究的大学老师，目前已退休在家。凭着对英语的爱好和钻研，近一年来采用古汉语诗词的形式将《罗密欧与朱丽叶》重新翻译成文，并有意寻找出版社出版。 出版目的：仅为抛砖引玉，让广大英语爱好者共同参与，分享莎翁经典著作。 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 家父郭兴家简历： 姓名 郭兴家 性别 男 出生年月：1936. 10. 工作单位：合肥工业大学外语系；于1996年退休。 目前从事的工作：合肥经济技术职业学院外语系学科带头人。 专业：英语 职称：副教授 出版过的主要作品： 1．《新概念英语》英汉对照读本（1至4册） 出版社：安徽科学技术出版社，1986年11月第2版 2．《新概念英语辅导材料》（1至4册） 出版社：上海世界图书出版公司，1994年 3．《实用英语同义词词典》 出版社：学苑出版社，1991年 4. 《英语同义词辨析》中国科学技术大学出版社，2009年10月第二版 注：《新概念英语》英汉对照读本（1至4册）获过奖。奖状全文如下： 郭兴家同志： 由您著作（翻译、主编）的《新概念英语》荣获‘一九八六年全国优秀畅销书’奖，特发此证书。 中国青年报社（印章） 博览群书》杂志社 （印章） 北京市新华书店 （印章） 联系方式 电子信箱：proefan@163.com 电话：13395693712 通信地址：邮编230009 安徽省合肥市 合肥工业大学南村226幢106号 —————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 以下为前言和部分章节，希望得到广大网友的支持。谢谢！ 英语界的前辈们翻译了大量的文艺作品，在沟通中外文化方面做出了巨大的贡献。例如朱生豪先生把莎士比亚戏剧全集翻译成了中文，由人民文学出版社于1978年出版，朱先生功德无量。莎士比亚的戏剧涉及人类社的会方方面面，其台词几乎全用诗歌的形式写出，开场诗皆为十四行诗。翻译莎剧的难度是可想而知的。除了朱生豪先生之外，还有其他翻译家，例如戴镏龄先生等，也翻译过莎翁的十四行诗。这些翻译家的学术造诣深厚，受到后学者的敬仰。 朱生豪先生所翻译的莎剧台词，使用的是普通叙说文或说明文文体。翻译的最高境界是神形兼似，然而要成就如此境界，绝非易事。英语十四行诗，每首十四行，每行十个音节，隔行押韵，末尾两行同韵。前辈们的十四行诗汉语译文，每首十四行，都是每行十个汉字，隔行押韵，末两行同韵，形式上和原诗完全相似，做到了形似。但是，用汉语写诗，若每行十个汉字，很难有音乐感，读起来拗口，未达成神似。 一时记不起姓名，似乎西方有汉学家称，汉语有缺陷，没有音乐感，译不出莎士比亚的戏剧和十四行诗。中华泱泱大国，其国语是具有五千年文明史的汉语，古代记录传承下来《四书》、《五经》、《史记》；以及用白话文撰写的、刻画人物细腻的《三国演义》、《水浒全传》、《红楼梦》等经典巨著；中国古代诗人用汉语写出了唐诗、宋词、乐府和元曲等光辉灿烂的、脍炙人口的诗篇。汉语是世界上最优美、最奥妙、最发达的语言之一。怎么能说汉语没有音乐感？ 鸦片战争以来的近代中国在变，改革开放以来的中国所发生的巨变，震惊了全世界。翻译界的思想、某些译作也应当变革创新。莎翁戏剧的开场诗，用的都是十四行诗，台词也是诗歌，音乐感很强。我们的汉语，怎么能比不上英语呢！近来笔者使用古诗、宋词和元曲的形式，翻译了《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。下面前两首十四行诗就是《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的开场诗，其他的十四行诗选自莎翁的《十四行诗》诗集，接下去是《罗密欧与朱丽叶》中的部分台词，笔者同步配上汉语翻译。我觉得，翻译莎翁的十四行诗，以及他的大段台词，当用中国的古诗形式，而短小的台词可用中国的宋词或元曲形式。这些文艺形式的作品，富有音乐感，谱上戏曲乐谱便可以演唱。 （一）莎翁戏剧开场诗（十四行诗）和汉语译文 Romeo and Juliet Act I Chor. Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona,where we lay our scene, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. From forth the fatal loins of these two foes, A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life; Whose misadventured piteous overthrows Do with their death bury their parents strife. The fearful passage of their death-marked love, And the continuance of their parents’s rage, Which, but their children’s end, nought could remove, Is now the two hours’ traffic of our stage; To which if you with patient ears attend, What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend. 惟罗纳城两门庭，铺展戏剧之场景； 陈旧怨尤新叛逆，双手肮脏血文明。 两家皆受命摆布，一对恋人竟诞生； 父辈争斗望消除，可怜佳话遭灭顶。 殉情遏制家族怒，埋葬父辈之斗争； 仇恨泯灭端倪显，演戏两个小时整。 诗歌不足演技补，此戏愿君耐心听。 Act II Chor. Now old desire doth in his death-bed lie, And young affection gapes to be his heir; That fair for which love groan’d for and would die, With tender Juliet match’d, is now not fair. Now Romeo is beloved and loves again, Alike bewitched by the charm of looks, But to his foe supposed he must complain, And she steal love’s sweet bait from fearful hooks: Being held a foe, he may not have access To breathe such vows as lovers use to swear; And she as much in love, her means much less To meet her new beloved any where; But passion lends them power, time means, to meet, Tempering extremities with extreme sweet. 夙仇既逝当结清，接班新恋太痴情； 绝配倩女生死缘，姻缘遭遇不公平。 再恋被爱罗密欧，美貌亦把魂魄勾。 丽媛难拒这香饵，他当抗诉此假仇。 仇敌表白无门路，山盟海誓何以诉。 热恋女儿赴约难，哪管晤面在何处。 借力激情对时空，面对极端甜极度。 （二）莎士比亚十四行诗和汉语译文 第一首 Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm’d: And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed. But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 可否将君比夏天？君更温顺惹人怜。 五月娇蕾风暴摇，夏季期限很快完。 有时烈日照当空，明媚鲜艳变朦胧。 美女亦会颜色丧，偶然自然难抗衡。 君之夏季永不衰，美貌归君不离开。 夸口死神影难罩，永恒华章伴君来。 人生书卷不释手，君会流芳至永久。 注：英国夏季相当于其他地方的春季。 第二首 From fairest creatures we desire increase. That thereby beauty’s rose might never die. But as the riper should by time decrease, His tender heir might bear his memory. But thou, contracted to thine own bright eye, Feed’st thy light’s flame with self-substantial fuel, Making a famine where abundance lies, Thy self thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel. Thou that art now the world’s fresh ornament, And only herald to the gaudy spring, Within thine own bud buriest thy content, And, tender churl, makest waste in niggarding. Pity the world, or else this glutton be, To eat the world’s due, by the grave and thee. 美好长驻是期盼，美如玫瑰永灿烂。 花熟理当始衰败，先辈业绩是经传。 自怜靓眸君痴情，助长火焰身躯燃。 富饶国度饥馑闹，以己为敌实凶悍。 君是当今新装璜，只把艳春信使当。 掩藏实质花蕾中，悭吝小气行铺张。 怜悯人世防巨贪，勿让坟墓食人寰。 （三）《罗密欧和朱丽叶》部分台词和汉语译文 （1）用古诗形式翻译大段台词 Act V Sc. iii Fri. L. I will be brief, for my short date of breath Is not so long as is a tedious tale. Romeo, there dead, was husband to that Juliet; And she, there dead, that Romeo’s fathful wife: I married them; and their stol’n marrisge-day Was Tybbalt’s dooms-day, whose untimely death Banish’d the new-made briegroom from this city; For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined. You, to remove that siege of grief from her, Betroth’d and would have married her perforce To county Paris: then comest she to me, And with wild looks bid me devise some means To rid her from this second marriage, Or in my cell there would she kill herself. Then gave I her, so tutor’d by my art, A sleeping potion; which so took effect As I intended, for it wrought on her The form of death, meantime I writ to Romeo, That he should hither come as this dire night, To help to take her from her borrow’d grave, Being the time the potion’s force should cease. But he which bore my letter, Friar John, Was stay’d by accident, and yesterday night Returned my letter back. Then all alone At the prefixed hour of her waking Came I to take her from her kindred’s vault, Meaning to keep her closely at my cell Till I conveniently could send to Romeo: But when I came, some minute ere the time Of her awaking, here untimely lay The noble Paris and true Romeo dead. She wakes, and I entreated her come forth, And bear this work of heaven with patience: But then a noisee did scare me from the tomb, And she too desperate would not go with me, But, as it seems, did violence on herself. All this I know; and to the marriage Her nurse is privy: and if aught in this Miscarried by my fault, let my old life Be sacrified some hour before his time Unto the rigour of severest law 劳伦斯 因果冗长言不虚，讲完我命即呜呼。 现在已死罗密欧，早已成为小姐夫。 现在已死朱丽叶，已经成为坚贞妻。 促成这对好姻缘，神父是我劳伦斯。 他俩私自结婚日，泰伯尔特断命时。 泰伯尔特把命丧，新郎获罪被流放。 姑娘落寞终日里，幽忧看似为兄长。 忧郁寡欢弱女子，全为丈夫流放事。 父母订婚解女苦，逼嫁伯爵违心意。 当时姑娘来求助，若疯若狂要寻死。 求我设法解救她，帮她摆脱重婚罪。 神父一旦拒绝她，毅然自尽寺院里。 我帮姑娘出计策，调出药剂假装死。 此药效果恁出奇，形状如同人死去。 急忙致书罗密欧，令他今晚回故里。 届时药力行将尽，离开此地带妻子。 托付约翰去送信，不料受阻这信使。 受阻酿成大灾祸，此信昨夜退还我。 估计小姐将苏醒，在下独自来墓穴。 准备带她离古墓，我来目的甚明确。 权宜之计把她收，安排寺院她暂留。 期待方便好时机，送她去找罗密欧。 小姐未醒我先到，两位青年都死掉。 小姐醒来我恳求，火速离开为首要。 承受不幸是天意，劝她忍耐莫急躁。 不料附近有声响，我在古墓心慌张。 坚决不肯随我去，小姐实在太绝望。 迹象似乎有提示，姑娘可能杀自己。 供词不可烂编造，我所知道都在此。 奶娘暗中有参与，操持小姐结婚事。 失误在我酿疏漏，依法定罪判我死。 Act 1 Sc.v Rom. O, she doth teach the torches to burn tonight! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night Like a rich jewel in an Ethiop’s ear; Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear! So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows, As yonder lady o’er her fellows shows. The measure done, I’ll watch her place of stand, And, touching hers, make blessed my rude hand. Did my heart love till now? forswear it, sight! For I ne’er saw true beauty till this night. 罗密欧 她使火炬放光华！玉人偎依夜面颊； 宛如黑人耳环珠，此美尘世太奢华！ 伴随侍女她显著，白鸽如雪领群鸦。 舞罢瞩目她立处，能执她手福无涯。 我未爱过我誓发！今宵玉人实不假。 （2）用宋词形式翻译短小台词 Act I Sc. i Ben. Madam, an hour before the worshipp’d sun Peer’d forth the golden window of the east, A troubled mind drave me to walk abroad; Where, underneath the grove of sycamore That weatward rooteth from the city’s side, So early walking did I see your son: Towards him I made; but he was ware of me, And stole into the covert of the wood: I, measuring his affections by my own, Which then most sought where most might not be found, Being one too many by my weary self, Pursued my humour, not pursuing his, And gladly shunn’d who gladly fled from me. 本伏里奥 夫人：--- 一个小时前，太阳神，微露东方窗。 恰逢我烦闷，遂去散心，信步晨曦，郊外寻芳。 城西侧，梧桐树林，不期遇令郎。 移步趋近，谅有察觉，悄潜林中，意在躲藏。 不愿遇见人，以我坏心绪，度人心肠。 强行见难如愿，离开令郎。 知道我多余，与其相左，毋宁由之，泛舟泱泱。 欲避我、我乐意，被丢一旁。 （宋词） 风流子 Act II Sc. ii Jul. ’Tis almost morning; I would have thee gone; And yet no farther than a wanton’s bird, Who lets it hop a little from her hand, Like a poor prisoner in his twisted gyves, And with a silk thread plucks it back again, So loving-jealous of his liberty. 朱丽叶 天将几乎明，本当让你走。 宠物小鸟少女喜，不让跳出手。 离开少许时，丝线趾上扣。 拉回囚犯轻扯线，自由爱心妒。 （宋词） 卜算子 Act V Sc. iii Prince: A glooming peace this morning with it brings; The sun for sorrow will not show his head: Go hence, to have more talk of these sad things; Some shall be pardon’d and some punished: For never was a story of more woe Than this of Juliet and her Romeo. 亲王 今日清晨恁凄楚，虽和解心里苦。 太阳也悲云中处，大家离开，且忍悲恸，曲直以后叙。 某些缘起让它去，某些行为当惩处。 感人之事肺腑触，罗密欧啊，朱丽叶呦，谁见这凄楚！ （宋词）青玉案 （3）古诗和宋词混用翻译大段台词 Act III Sc.iii Rom. ‘Tis toreture, and not mercy: heaven is here, Where Juliet lives; and every cat and dog And little mouse, every unworthy thing, Live here in heaven and may look on her, But Romeo may not; more validity, More honourable state, more courtship lives In carrion-flies than Romeo: they may seize On the white wonder of dear Juliet’s hand, And steal immortal blessing from her lips; Who, even in pure and vestal modesty, Still blush, as thinking their own kisses sin; But Romeo may not; he is banished: This may flies do, but I from this must fly: They are free men, but I am banished: And say’st thou yet, that exile is not death? Hadst thou no poison mix’d, no sharp-ground knife, No sudden mean* of death, though ne’er so mean, But ‘banished’ to kill me? ---‘Banished’? O frier, the damned use that word in hell; Howling attends it: how hast thou the heart, Being a divine, a ghostly confessor, A sin-absolver, and my friend profess’d, To mangle me with that word ‘banished’? 注：我的版本此处为mean，应当为means。译者注。 罗密欧 这是酷刑非慈悲，这里天堂留给谁？ 这里活着朱丽叶，众多尤物挤成堆。 此地可容猫和狗，一切贱货皆可住。 住在天堂看玉人，唯独对我不允许。 嗜污苍蝇可求爱，比我合法且光彩。 丽人玉手它掠夺，偷吻丽唇无人怪。 玉人圣洁不张扬，面赤偷吻理不当。 如是福祉我不可，将被逐出我家乡。 然而你还如此说，流放含义非死亡。 可有配好之毒药，或者利刃来帮忙？ 突然了结非下贱，流放之外无他方？ 神父啊！啊，慈祥的神父：--- 流放地狱词，该死之辞藻。 神父圣职多高尚，令我伴鬼叫。 爱我全城知，我罪你洗掉。 若要再说流放话，毋宁命不要。 （宋词）卜算子 上面的莎士比亚诗歌翻译，是笔者的初步探索和尝试，目的在于抛砖引玉。笔者已经年逾七十，希望英语界志向相同的年轻人，勇于担起重任，用诗词歌赋的形式，重新翻译莎士比亚其他的戏剧，而且翻译得比我好。这样，抛砖引玉，才达目的，才名副其实。现在我填词一首，用以结束此文： 风人松 勤奋读书 树叶片片摆风中，各异貌相同。人之天资有差距，天资生就靠传承。勤补拙都会讲，不做光说哪行？ 抛洒汗水田里耕，收获喜盈盈。征服巅峰人称赞，体力不衰意志成。书山有路靠走，学海无涯帆撑。
