布龙齐诺 托雷多的伊莲诺拉 Eleonora di Toledo华盛顿国家美术馆
作品介绍
The subject, here about thirty-eight, was the daughter of theSpanish Viceroy of Naples and the wife of Duke Cosimo de'Medici,the ruler of Florence. Bronzino worked most of his career inFlorence where he was court painter to the Medici. There areseveral versions of this portrait.
参考译文
这幅画中主题人物大约三十八岁，是西班牙那不勒斯总督的女儿，也是佛罗伦萨统治者科西莫·德·梅迪奇公爵的妻子。 布龙齐诺的大部分职业生涯都在佛罗伦萨工作，在那里他是美第奇的宫廷画家。这幅肖像有数个版本。
作品细节
布龙齐诺 托雷多的伊莲诺拉 Eleonora diToledo 局部布龙齐诺 托雷多的伊莲诺拉 Eleonora diToledo 局部布龙齐诺 托雷多的伊莲诺拉 Eleonora diToledo 局部布龙齐诺 托雷多的伊莲诺拉 Eleonora diToledo 局部布龙齐诺 托雷多的伊莲诺拉 Eleonora diToledo 局部布龙齐诺 托雷多的伊莲诺拉 Eleonora diToledo 局部布龙齐诺 托雷多的伊莲诺拉 Eleonora diToledo 局部布龙齐诺 托雷多的伊莲诺拉 Eleonora diToledo 局部布龙齐诺 托雷多的伊莲诺拉 Eleonora diToledo 局部 布龙齐诺 托雷多的伊莲诺拉 Eleonora diToledo 局部
画家简介
布龙齐诺（Bronzino，1503-1572），托斯卡纳大公科西莫一世美第奇的宫廷画师，意大利佛罗伦萨的风格主义画家，诗人。全名阿格诺洛·迪·科西莫（Agnolodi Cosimo），亦称阿格诺洛·布龙齐诺（AgnoloBronzino）。布龙齐诺这个绰号可能和他黝黑的肤色或他常用的肖像画主题有关。
根据同时代的学者乔尔乔·瓦萨里（GiorgioVasari，1511-1574）记载，布龙齐诺是拉法利诺·德尔加博（Raffaellino delGarbo，1466-1527）的第一个学生，14岁成为意大利佛罗伦萨画派风格主义画家蓬托尔莫（Pontormo，1494-1557）的学徒。蓬托尔莫对布龙齐诺的艺术风格产生了决定性的影响，他们合作了许多重要的作品。1539年，布龙齐诺首次接受Medici的邀请，参与科西莫一世和那不勒斯总督的女儿托雷多的伊莲诺拉（Eleonoradi Toledo，1522-1562）的婚礼绘画的创作。此后，他成为公爵的官方宫廷画家，在科西莫一世美第奇的宫廷里度过了他的大部分职业生涯。1563年，以科西莫宫廷杰出艺术家为主的佛罗伦萨美术学院成立，布龙齐诺是创始人和核心成员。
布龙齐诺是一位出色的肖像画家，他的画风和老师蓬托尔莫极为相近，以至于直到今天学术界依然在争论二人作品的归属问题。布龙齐诺最著名的作品是科西莫一世公爵和伊莲诺拉公爵夫人系列，以及他们的宫廷人物，如巴托洛梅奥·潘恰蒂基和他的妻子卢克雷齐娅。这些作品以对人物的个性化表现和对服装细节的细致刻画而闻名。作为梅第奇家族的宫廷画家，为满足宫廷贵族的趣味，他的肖像往往追求艳丽、华贵的效果。他以熟练的油画技巧展现出富丽堂皇、珠光宝气的奢侈场面。他画的肖像人物安静而优雅，冷峻而高贵，被视为宫廷肖像画的经典，影响了整个欧洲宫廷肖像画一个世纪的发展历程。
作品资料
Agnolo Bronzino
Florentine, 1503 - 1572
Eleonora di Toledo
c. 1560
oil on panel
overall: 86.4 x 65.1 cm (34 x 25 5/8 in.)
framed: 111.4 x 89.5 x 9.2 cm (43 7/8 x 35 1/4 x 3 5/8in.)
Samuel H. Kress Collection
1961.9.7
Not on View
PROVENANCE
William Beckford [1760-1844], Fonthill Abbey, Wiltshire, andBath, England; probably by inheritance to Alexander Hamilton, 10thDuke of Hamilton [1767-1852], Hamilton Palace, Strathclyde, whomarried Beckford's daughter, Susan Euphenia [d. 1859]; byinheritance to his son, William Alexander Anthony Archibald Douglas[1811-1863], 11th Duke of Hamilton, Hamilton Palace, Strathclyde,Scotland; by inheritance to his son, William Alexander LouisStephen Douglas-Hamilton [1845-1895], 12th Duke of Hamilton,Hamilton Palace, Strathclyde, Scotland; (Hamilton Palace sale,Christie, Manson & Wood, London, 1 July 1882, no. 756);(Colnaghi, London and New York); possibly the Hon. Francis Barry,by 1893. Thomas Glen Arthur [1857-1907], Ayr, Strathclyde,Scotland; sold 1906 to (Colnaghi, London and New York) on jointaccount with (M. Knoedler & Co., London and New York); sold1910 to Victor G. Fischer, Washington, D.C.; sold 1912 back to(Colnaghi, London and New York), possibly on joint account with (M.Knoedler & Co., London and New York); sold 1926 to (CountAlessandro Contini-Bonacossi, Rome and Florence);[1] sold 1954 tothe Samuel H. Kress Foundation, New York;[2] gift 1961 toNGA.
[1] See 31 July 1987 letter from Martha Hepworth, in NGAcuratorial records.Lent by Contini to the 1930 exhibition inLondon
[2] On 7 June 1954 the Kress Foundation made an offer toContini-Bonacossi for sixteen paintings, including the NGApainting. In a draft of one of the documents prepared for theCount's signature in connection with the offer this painting isdescribed as one "which came from my personal collection inFlorence." The Count accepted the offer on 30 June 1954; the finalpayment for the purchase was ultimately made in early 1957, afterthe Count's death in 1955. (See copies of correspondence in NGAcuratorial files.)
展览历史
1930 Exhibition of Italian Art 1200-1900, Royal Academy ofArts, London, 1930, no. 761 (no. 425 of commemorative cataloguepublished 1931).
1939 Mostra Medicea, Palazzo Medici, Florence, 1939, Sala XX,no. 10, pl. 60.
相关文献
1956 Paintings and Sculpture from the Kress ColllectionAcquired by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation 1951-56. Introduction byJohn Walker, text by William E. Suida and Fern Rusk Shapley.National Gallery of Art. Washington, 1956: 44, no. 13, repro.
1959 Paintings and Sculpture from the Samuel H. KressCollection. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1959: 111,repro.
1965 Summary Catalogue of European Paintings and Sculpture.National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1965: 20.
1968 European Paintings and Sculpture, Illustrations. NationalGallery of Art, Washington, 1968: 13, repro.
1973 Shapley, Fern Rusk. Paintings from the Samuel H. KressCollection: Italian Schools, XVI-XVIII Century. London, 1973:15-16, fig. 27.
1975 European Paintings: An Illustrated Summary Catalogue.National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1975: 48, repro.
1979 Shapley, Fern Rusk. Catalogue of the Italian Paintings. 2vols. National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1979: I:93, II:pl. 62,as Studio of Bronzino.
1984 Walker, John. National Gallery of Art, Washington. Rev.ed. New York, 1984: 182, no. 205, color repro.
1985 European Paintings: An Illustrated Catalogue. NationalGallery of Art, Washington, 1985: 69, repro.
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