英语短语集锦：by 名词短语

by短语

1) by 表示“凭，靠”：

by skill

凭技术

pay by cash

凭现金支付

by appointment

凭预约

learn by rote

死记硬背

teach by example

以身作则

by invitation

凭请柬

by air

乘坐飞机

by hand

手工

by intuition

凭直觉

by analysis

凭分析

by all means

用尽一切办法

by no means

决不，根本不

by means of

用，依靠

by way of

通过…的方法

by contrast

对比之下

by force

靠武力；凭藉暴力；

by road

乘坐汽车，由公路

by one’s estimate

根据某人的估计

2) by表示“ 就……而言，按”：

by birth

按出身

by profession

按职业来说

by trade

按职业来说

by nature

生来

by blood

按血统

by origin

就来源而言

by night/day 夜间/白天

3) by表示“因……所致，由于”：

by chance

偶然，碰巧

by accident

偶然，碰巧

by mistake

由于错误

by luck

由于运气好

by design

由于谋划

by good fortune

由于运气好

by reason of

由于

by virtue of

由于，借助

by necessity

必然地，不可避免地