话说这个学期我们有一门课叫“中间件”，老师叫我们做一个基于TCP的聊天程序，主要结构如图
1.所有Client端需要与Server端连接（感觉这句话好白痴，TCP肯定要连接了才能工作）
2.Client端的功能是可以群发和私聊（用过QQ都应该知道什么是群发和私聊吧），但都必须经过Server端中转，也就是实现了类似通讯中间件的功能。
PS:开始写之前我是对网络编程这块完全没有认识的，上网找了几个TCP的程序，都是只能实现群发功能，或者只能实现client与server之间相互发的功能，
还没有哪个是可以实现上面所说的功能的程序的（如果有的请留言给我，我去下一个下来学习一下，O(∩_∩)O谢谢）。
实现方法有好多，用Socket类可以实现，用 TcpClient类和TcpListener类也可以实现，我就选择了后者，因为比较简单。
下面就列一下我用到的技术：
多线程，异步回调，委托，设计模式的观察者模式…………
先让大家看一下客户端和服务器端的界面先吧（本人不会做界面，而且界面上有很多Label是用来检查接收的情况，请大家选择性过滤掉）
server端的
client端的
1.Server端先启动服务,新建一个线程，绑定一个套接字,之后监听
2.Client端点击连接之后，就会与Server端建立连接。
3.每当有一个Client加入Server时，Server都会通知所有的Client更新用户列表（观察者模式）
4.点私聊和用户之后，就可以私聊；点群发，就发个所有用户。
代码解说，先看看解决方案
先说一下client端
System.Collections.ArrayList clientlist = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
private bool isExit = false;
private delegate void SetListBoxCallBack(string str);
private SetListBoxCallBack setlistboxcallback;
private delegate void SetTextBoxReceiveCallBack(string str);
private SetTextBoxReceiveCallBack settextboxreceivecallback;
private delegate void SetComboBoxCallBack(string str);
private SetComboBoxCallBack setcomboboxcallback;
private delegate void RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack(DataReadWrite datareadwrite);
private RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack removecomboboxcallback;
private TcpClient client;
private NetworkStream ns;
private ManualResetEvent allDone = new ManualResetEvent(false);
public ClientMain()
{
InitializeComponent();
setlistboxcallback = new SetListBoxCallBack(SetListBox); //注册listbox回调函数
settextboxreceivecallback = new SetTextBoxReceiveCallBack(SetTextBoxReceive); ////注册textbox回调函数
setcomboboxcallback = new SetComboBoxCallBack(SetComboBox); ////注册combobox回调函数
removecomboboxcallback = new RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack(RemoveComboBoxItems);
} //注册combobox删除的回调函数
//连接按钮事件
private void btn_Connect_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
client = new TcpClient(AddressFamily.InterNetwork);
IPAddress serverip = IPAddress.Parse(txt_Server.Text);
//采用的是异步方式
AsyncCallback receiveCallBack = new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallBack);
allDone.Reset();
try
{//开始连接
client.BeginConnect(serverip, Convert.ToInt32(txt_Port.Text),receiveCallBack,client);
txt_ReceiveMsg.Invoke(settextboxreceivecallback, string.Format("本机终结点：{0}", client.Client.LocalEndPoint));
txt_ReceiveMsg.Invoke(settextboxreceivecallback, "开始与服务器连接");
allDone.WaitOne();
btn_Connect.Enabled = false;
}
catch
{
MessageBox.Show("登录服务器失败，请确认服务器是否正常工作！");
}
}
//接收回调函数
private void ReceiveCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
{
allDone.Set();
try
{
client = (TcpClient)iar.AsyncState;
client.EndConnect(iar);
txt_ReceiveMsg.Invoke(settextboxreceivecallback, string.Format("与服务器{0}连接成功", client.Client.RemoteEndPoint));
ns = client.GetStream();
DataRead dataRead = new DataRead(ns, client.ReceiveBufferSize);
ns.BeginRead(dataRead.msg, 0, dataRead.msg.Length, ReadCallBack, dataRead);
}
catch
{
MessageBox.Show("已经与服务器断开连接！");
this.Close();
}
}
//读取回调函数
private void ReadCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
{
try
{
DataRead dataread = (DataRead)iar.AsyncState;
int recv = dataread.ns.EndRead(iar);
lbluserlist.Text = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(dataread.msg, 0, recv);
string userlist1 = lbluserlist.Text;
if (userlist1.StartsWith("#"))
{
lb_Users.Items.Clear();
string[] abc = userlist1.Split(new char[] { '#' });
for (int i = 1; i < abc.Length ; i++)
lb_Users.Items.Add(abc[i]);
}
else
txt_ReceiveMsg.Invoke(settextboxreceivecallback, Encoding.Unicode.GetString(dataread.msg, 0, recv));
if (isExit == false)
{
dataread = new DataRead(ns, client.ReceiveBufferSize);
ns.BeginRead(dataread.msg, 0, dataread.msg.Length, ReadCallBack, dataread);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
}
finally
{ }
}
//发送按钮事件
private void btn_Send_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//如果群发按钮被选中时
if (rbteam.Checked == true)
{
//lb_Users.SelectedItems.Clear();
SendString(txt_SendMsg.Text);
}
//如果私聊按钮被选中时
else if (rbself.Checked == true)
{
if (lb_Users.SelectedItem != null)
SendString("#" + lb_Users.SelectedItem.ToString().Trim() + "#" + txt_SendMsg.Text);
//label10.Text = "#" + lb_Users.SelectedItem.ToString().Trim() + "#" + txt_SendMsg.Text;
else
MessageBox.Show("你还没有选取要私聊的对象");
}
//label9.Text = "对大家说:" + txt_SendMsg.Text;
txt_SendMsg.Clear();
}
//发送函数
private void SendString(string str)
{
try
{
byte[] bytesdata = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(str + "\r\n");
ns.BeginWrite(bytesdata, 0, bytesdata.Length, new AsyncCallback(SendCallBack), ns);
ns.Flush();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
}
finally
{ }
}
//发送回调函数
private void SendCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
{
try
{
ns.EndWrite(iar);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
}
finally
{ }
}
//listbox回调函数
private void SetListBox(string str)
{
lb_Users.Items.Add(str);
}
//txtbox回调函数
private void SetTextBoxReceive(string str)
{
txt_ReceiveMsg.AppendText(str+"\r\n");
}
在看看Server端
public ServerMain()
{
InitializeComponent();
setlistboxcallback = new SetListBoxCallBack(SetLbListBox);
setlistboxcallback2 = new SetListBoxCallBack(SetListBox);
removelistboxcallback = new RemoveListBoxCallBack(RemoveListBoxItems);
setcomboboxcallback = new SetComboBoxCallBack(SetComboBox);
removecomboboxcallback = new RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack(RemoveComboBoxItems);
}
private bool isExit = false;
System.Collections.ArrayList clientlist = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
TcpListener listener;
private delegate void SetListBoxCallBack(string str);
private SetListBoxCallBack setlistboxcallback;
private SetListBoxCallBack setlistboxcallback2;
private delegate void RemoveListBoxCallBack(DataReadWrite datareadwrite);
private RemoveListBoxCallBack removelistboxcallback;
private ManualResetEvent allDone = new ManualResetEvent(false);
private delegate void SetComboBoxCallBack(string str);
private SetComboBoxCallBack setcomboboxcallback;
private delegate void RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack(DataReadWrite datareadwrite);
private RemoveComboBoxItemsCallBack removecomboboxcallback;
//开始服务按钮
private void btn_Start_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//新建线程接受connect
Thread myThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(AcceptConnection));
myThread.Start();
btn_Start.Enabled = false;
btn_End.Enabled=true;
}
//线程AcceptConnection
private void AcceptConnection()
{
IPAddress[] ip = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName());
//IPAddress ipp = IPAddress.Parse("192.168.76.103");
listener = new TcpListener(ip[0], Convert.ToInt32(txt_ServerPort.Text));
listener.Start();
while (isExit == false)
{
try
{
allDone.Reset();
AsyncCallback callback = new AsyncCallback(AcceptTcpClientCallBack);
lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, "开始等待连接");
listener.BeginAcceptTcpClient(callback, listener);
allDone.WaitOne();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
break;
}
finally
{ }
}
}
private void AcceptTcpClientCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
{
try
{
allDone.Set();
TcpListener mylistener = (TcpListener)iar.AsyncState;
TcpClient client = mylistener.EndAcceptTcpClient(iar);
lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, "已接收客户连接" + client.Client.RemoteEndPoint);
listBox1.Invoke(setlistboxcallback2, client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString());
comboBox1.Invoke(setcomboboxcallback, client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString());
DataReadWrite datareadwrite = new DataReadWrite(client);
clientlist.Add(datareadwrite);
//发送成员列表，这里用了观察者模式
SendList();
//与服务器连接后的不同的客户端的datareadwrite开始异步接收数据
datareadwrite.ns.BeginRead(datareadwrite.read, 0, datareadwrite.read.Length, ReadCallBack, datareadwrite);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, e.Message);
//MessageBox.Show(e.Message);
return;
}
finally
{ }
}
private void SendList()
{
string userlist = "";
for (int i = 0; i < clientlist.Count; i++)
{
userlist = userlist + "#" + ((DataReadWrite)clientlist[i]).client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString();
label14.Text = userlist;
}
foreach (DataReadWrite drw in clientlist)
SendString(drw, userlist);
}
//读取消息回调函数
private void ReadCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
{
DataReadWrite datareadwrite = (DataReadWrite)iar.AsyncState;
try
{
int recv = datareadwrite.ns.EndRead(iar);
string aa = Encoding.Unicode.GetString(datareadwrite.read, 0, recv);
//string bb = "";
stringaa.Text = aa;
if (isExit == false)
{
if (aa.Substring(0, 1) != "#") //群发为#，没有则为单发
{
aa = aa.Insert(0, datareadwrite.client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "对大家说:");
//stringbb.Text = aa.Substring(1, aa.Length-1);
foreach (DataReadWrite drw in clientlist)
SendString(drw, aa);
}
else //私聊时截取ip地址，收到的信息为“#192.168.76.102:3315#消息”
{
int c=aa.LastIndexOf("#"); //截取ip地址的位置index
string ipaddress = aa.Substring(1, c - 1); //截取ip地址
for (int i = 0; i <= listBox1.Items.Count - 1; i++)
{
if (ipaddress == listBox1.Items[i].ToString())
{
//找到需要发送的对象
DataReadWrite obj = (DataReadWrite)clientlist[i];
//增加发送源的IP地址和端口号
aa = aa.Insert(c + 1, datareadwrite.client.Client.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "跟你说：");
SendString(obj, aa.Substring(c+1));
break;
//MessageBox.Show(aa.Substring(c, aa.Length - 2));
}
}
}
datareadwrite.ns.BeginRead(datareadwrite.read, 0, datareadwrite.read.Length, ReadCallBack, datareadwrite);
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, e.Message);
listBox1.Invoke(removelistboxcallback, datareadwrite);
comboBox1.Invoke(removecomboboxcallback, datareadwrite);
//SendList();
}
finally
{ }
}
//发送消息
private void SendString(DataReadWrite datareadwrite, string str)
{
try
{
datareadwrite.write = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(str + "\r\n");
datareadwrite.ns.BeginWrite(datareadwrite.write, 0, datareadwrite.write.Length, new AsyncCallback(SendCallBack), datareadwrite);
datareadwrite.ns.Flush();
lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, string.Format("向{0}发送：{1}", datareadwrite.client.Client.RemoteEndPoint, str));
}
catch (Exception e)
{
lst_ServerList.Items.Add(e.Message);
//发送失败时，清除发送不成功的IP地址
listBox1.Invoke(removelistboxcallback, datareadwrite);
comboBox1.Invoke(removecomboboxcallback, datareadwrite);
//SendList();
}
finally
{
}
}
//发送回调
private void SendCallBack(IAsyncResult iar)
{
DataReadWrite datareadwrite = (DataReadWrite)iar.AsyncState;
try
{
datareadwrite.ns.EndRead(iar);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
lst_ServerList.Invoke(setlistboxcallback, e.Message);
listBox1.Invoke(removelistboxcallback, datareadwrite);
comboBox1.Invoke(removecomboboxcallback, datareadwrite);
}
finally
{ }
}
//停止服务按钮
private void btn_End_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
isExit = true;
allDone.Set();
btn_Start.Enabled = true;
btn_End.Enabled = false;
lst_ServerList.Items.Add("服务器于" + DateTime.Now.ToString() + "停止运行.");
}
private void RemoveListBoxItems(DataReadWrite datareadwrite)
{
int index = clientlist.IndexOf(datareadwrite);
listBox1.Items.RemoveAt(index);
}
private void SetListBox(string str)
{
listBox1.Items.Add(str);
}
private void SetLbListBox(string str)
{
lst_ServerList.Items.Add(str);
lst_ServerList.SelectedIndex = listBox1.Items.Count - 1;
lst_ServerList.ClearSelected();
}
private void RemoveComboBoxItems(DataReadWrite datareadwrite)
{
int index = clientlist.IndexOf(datareadwrite);
comboBox1.Items.RemoveAt(index);
}
private void SetComboBox(object obj)
{
comboBox1.Items.Add(obj);
}
再介绍一下DataReadWrite类，这个类是实现将一个client的属性和功能集成到一个类中，主要是负责处理数据的，包括一个tcpclient对象，
一个网络流对象，2个负责读写的字节数组
public class DataReadWrite
{
public TcpClient client;
public NetworkStream ns;
public byte[] read;
public byte[] write;
public DataReadWrite(TcpClient client)
{
this.client = client;
ns = client.GetStream();
read = new byte[client.ReceiveBufferSize];
write = new byte[client.SendBufferSize];
}
public void InitReadArray()
{
read = new byte[client.ReceiveBufferSize];
}
public void InitWriteArray()
{
write = new byte[client.SendBufferSize];
}
在构造函数里得到连接上服务器的句柄，包含服务器的IP地址信息，从client对象上得到流对象，流对象就是用来在网络上进行流的读写。
以下是实现的截图
尝试了群发和私聊
由于是新手，所以里面用词方面可能有些不准确，而且程序这是初成品，还有很多方面的BUG。例如退出时会发生异常，当有人离开时，列表不会更新。
希望大家看了之后给点意见和建议，谢谢大家撒。有空多留言，谢谢
参考书籍:《visual c#网络编程技术与实践》和《c#网络应用高级编程》
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