“Refreshing. It functions in a way that isn’tnecessarily part of our vocabulary. There are different moments inthe design.”—Professional Awards Jury
“项目设计清新宜人，绿化整体结构合理、独特，其功能性也极具非凡创新意识。”——ASLA专业奖评语
项目概述
面临洪涝灾害，当代城市往往缺乏灵活应对的措施，而景观设计却能够为这一难题的解决起到关键作用。该项目的成功充分展现了雨洪绿化公园对于缓解城市洪涝困扰的重大意义，它就如同城市的“绿色海绵”一般，吸收并净化着城市雨水，进而有效保护了自然栖息地，有力补给了城市蓄水层水量，各种生态系统运行也得到了合理整合，此外，公园的娱乐功能和美学体验在城市发展的方方面面都起到了重要的促进作用。
项目描述
挑战与目标
自2006年起，中国北方城市哈尔滨便对其东部占地2 733公顷（约6753英亩）的群力新城展开一系列的规划建设活动。在未来的13至15年内，该新城将划出总计达3 200万平方米（约344 445133平方英尺）的地块作为居住建筑用地，预计将会有约达30万人搬迁至此。而在这些可开发用地中却仅有约16.4%被规划为永久性绿化空间，原先的大部分平地资源则将被混凝土覆盖而成为建筑用地。当地的年降水量为567毫米（约22英寸），且大多雨量集中于六、七、八三个月间。据相关历史资料表明，这一地块属于洪涝频发区，而同时，地下水的水位又在不断下降。
2009年年中，相关景观设计团队受当地市政部门委托，对群力新城中心区域一座占地34公顷（约84英亩）的市政湿地公园进行绿化景观设计，以将其作为城市区域性湿地保护区。项目场地四面都被公路设施围裹着，加之高密度城市建设工程，造成公园湿地的水源枯竭，湿地特征退化，面临着严重的威胁。为了有效拯救湿地，设计团队规划将其改造为雨洪绿化公园，以期既有效解决群力新城的雨洪排放和滞留，又可合理利用城市雨洪，修复湿地系统，创建多种生态服务功能，进而营造出兼具娱乐功能和美学体验，且能够促进城市发展的理想公共空间。
而该项目所存在的挑战也是显而易见的：在生态性与生物进程被城市肌理所切断后，如何能够有效保留下这片正在日渐退化的城市中心湿地资源？如何对这一湿地系统进行合理利用与设计，使其为城市创造出多样化的生态系统？维护这一大型绿化景观区的经济来源是什么？
设计策略
相关设计策略及设计元素如下：
1．保留并维护原有湿地的大部分中心区域，以确保本土自然生境持续繁衍。
2．在项目场地外围通过随挖随填策略，创造出一系列相连的土丘和池塘地形，改善场地现状，进而成为湿地中心区域雨水过滤和净化的缓冲区，形成自然生境与城市之间的有效过渡。此外，湿地周边还铺设了雨水蓄存管道设施，以有效蓄存新城市区的雨水，使其经过沉淀和过滤后流入中心区域的自然生境中。深浅不一的池塘为本土水生植物群落提供多样化的栖息地，生境的自然繁衍得以有效实现。土丘上植栽着白桦林，公园步道系统穿梭于土丘与池塘之间，为游客们营造出穿越森林的游览体验。池塘与土丘周边都设有休憩平台和坐椅设施，为人们创造出更为亲近自然的机会。
3．步道与休憩平台设施：一系列的公园步道系统将池塘与土丘连接成一个有机的整体，为游客们营造出穿越森林的游览体验。休憩平台和坐椅设施为人们创造出更为亲近自然的机会。
4．人行天桥架于山丘之上，为游客们营造出凌驾于树冠之上的视觉体验。山丘上还设有若干游客休憩平台以及竹亭、木亭、砖亭、石亭和金属亭等五个景观亭和两处观景台（一处是位于公园东侧的钢质观景台；另一处是位于公园西北角的木质树状观景台），这些观景设施在人行天桥的连接中，为人们远眺公园绿化美景提供了理想的视角，同时亦可体验公园内的细节绿化景观元素。
项目总结
该项目彻底改造原的场地地形，充分实现湿地的雨水收集、净化、蓄存以及补给地下水等多功能性。原先日渐退化的湿地得以有效修复与改善，并有力确保了本土生物的多样性。昔日的洪涝隐患，如今却为城市居民营造出宜人的绿化环境。经过景观设计团队的合理规划与设计，如今的湿地公园，因其生态环境的全面改善，不仅成为了当地民众的游览胜地，更是升级为国家级的城市湿地公园。
概念设计与总平面图
The design concept and site plan
Image by: Kongjian Yu
雨洪公园东面夏季景致
Bird’s eye view of the storm water park (looking east,summer)
Image by: Kongjian Yu
雨洪公园西面冬季景致
Bird’s eye view of the storm water park (looking west,winter)
Image by: Kongjian Yu
在项目场地外围通过随挖随填策略，创造出一系列相连的土丘和池塘地形，改善场地现状，进而成为湿地中心区域雨水过滤和净化的缓冲区，形成自然生境与城市之间的有效过渡。图为雨洪花园西南面景致
Cut-and-fill to create an outer ring of mounds and ponds acting asa stormwater filtrating and cleansing buffer zone for the corewetland, and a transition between nature and city. View toward thesouth west.
Image by: Kongjian Yu
人行天桥架于一系列的池塘设施之上，通过对东南边缘地带的地表挖掘而形成池塘用于过滤和净化雨水
Skywalk above the stormwater filtrating and cleansing ponds on thesouth eastern edge of the park created byexcavations.
Image by: Kongjian Yu
公园东北视角中的绿化带与城市建设区域边界
The periphery of the park acts a border between city and nature.View toward the north east.
Image by: Kongjian Yu
位于公园南面边缘地带的土丘与挖掘土堆营造出山谷景观体验，让人们联想到新城中连绵群山的自然景观
The mounds with the dirt from the excavations on the park’ssouthern periphery create a valley experience and remind people ofthe regional natural landscape of rolling hills.
Image by: Kongjian Yu
步道系统嵌入系列池塘间，让人们更为亲近湿地。通过休憩平台与观景台可饱览公园全景
A network of walkways is built into the ponds system allowingvisitors to observe the wetland. Platforms and viewing towers lendpanoramic views of the surroundings.
Image by: Kongjian Yu
在公园东侧，人行天桥将土丘上的白桦林一分为二
In the east, the skywalk cuts through the silver birch forest onthe mounds.
Image by: Kongjian Yu
人行天桥穿过过滤池通往景观台
The skywalk above the western filtrating ponds leading to a viewingtower
Image by: Kongjian Yu
竹亭、木亭、砖亭、石亭和金属亭等五个景观亭均匀分布于公园的各个土丘上
One of the five evenly distributed pavilions along the perimeter(Bamboo, Wood, Brick, Stone, and Metal), the Bamboo Pavilion,sitting on the mound and above the wetland.
Image by: Kongjian Yu
人行天桥与竹亭围合出的湿地景观空间，景致宜人
The skywalk and the Bamboo Pavilion offer places to linger andenjoy views over the wetland.
Image by: Kongjian Yu
用当地石材构建的石亭空间创造出一处宁谧的休憩与观景之所
The Stone Pavilion, using local stone to create a cool and uniqueresting and viewing place.
Image by: Kongjian Yu
ProjectStatement
Contemporary cities are not resilient when faced with inundationsof surface water. Landscape architecture can play a key role inaddressing this problem. This project demonstrates a Stormwaterpark that acts as a green sponge, cleansing and storing urbanstormwater and can be integrated with other ecosystem servicesincluding the protection of native habitats, aquifer recharge,recreational use, and aesthetic experience, in all these waysfostering urban development.
ProjectNarrative
Challenges andObjectives
Beginning in 2006, a 2,733 hectare (6,753 acres) new urbandistrict, Qunli New Town, was planned for the eastern outskirts ofHaerbin in northern China. Thirty-two million square meters(344,445,133 sq. ft.) of building floor area will be constructed inthe next 13 to 15 years. More than one third of a million peopleare expected to live there. While about 16 percent of thedevelopable land was zoned as permeable green space, the majorityof the former flat plain will be covered with impermeable concrete.The annual rainfall there is 567 millimeters (22 inches), with themonths of June, July, and August accounting for 60 to 70 percent ofannual precipitation. Floods and waterlogging have occurredfrequently in the past, while at the same time the ground watertable continues to drop due to its overuse.
In mid-2009, the landscape architect was commissioned to design apark of 34 hectares (84 acres) right in the middle of this newtown, which is listed as a protected regional wetland. The site issurrounded on four sides by roads and dense development. Thiswetland had thereby been severed from its water sources and wasunder threat. The original task given by the client was to preservethis wetland. Going beyond the original task of preserving thewetland, the landscape architect proposed to transform the areainto an urban stormwater park that will provide multiple ecosystemsservices, and will collect, cleanse, and store stormwater andinfiltrate it into the aquifer, protect and recover the nativehabitats, proved a public space for recreational use and aestheticsexperience, as well as foster urban development.
The challenges are obvious: How can a disappearing wetland bepreserved in the middle of the city when its ecological andbiological processes have been cut off by the urban context? Howsuch an urban wetland ecosystem can be designed to provide multipleecosystems for the city? And what is the economic way to deal withsuch a big landscape?
DesignStrategy
Several design strategies and elements were employed:
1. The central part of the existing wetland is left along to allowthe natural habitats to continue to evolve.
2. Cut-and-fill strategy to create an outer ring of mounds andponds. The cut-and-fill around the perimeter is a minimum earthworkstrategy to transform the site. Earth is excavated and used tobuild up a necklace of ponds and mounds around the perimeter of thepark. This ring acts as a stormwater filtrating and cleansingbuffer zone for the core wetland, and a transition between natureand city. Stormwater from the newly built urban area is collectedaround the perimeter of the wetland and then released evenly intothe wetland after having being filtered through the ponds. Nativewetland grasses and meadows are grown on ponds of various depths,and natural processes are initiated. Groves of native silver Birchtrees (Betula pendula) grow on mounds of various heights and createa dense woodland. A network of paths links the ring of ponds andmounds, allowing visitors to have a walking-through-forestexperience. Platforms and seats are put near the ponds to enablepeople to have close contact with nature.
3. The network of paths and platforms: A network of paths links thering of ponds and mounds, allowing visitors to have awalking-through-forest experience. Platforms and seats are put nearthe ponds to enable people to have close contact with nature.
4. A skywalk links the scattered mounds allowing residents to havean above-the-wetland and in-the-canopy experience. Platforms, fivepavilions (Bamboo, Wood, Brick, Stone, and Metal), and two viewingtowers (one made of steel and located at the east corner, the otherone made of wood and looking like a tree at the north-west corner)are set on the mounds and connected by the skywalk, allowingvisitors to have views into the distance and observation of naturein the center of the park.
Conclusion
The completely transformed site performs many functions, includingcollecting, cleansing, and storing stormwater, and rechargingunderground aquifers. The pre-existing wetland habitat has beenrestored and native biodiversity preserved. Potentially floodingstormwater now contributes to an environmental amenity in the city.The storm water park has not only become a popular urban amenitybut has also been upgraded to a National Urban Wetland Park becauseof its improvement to ecological and biological conditions.
