建成效果
初步的结果表明，试验是卓有成效的，建成不到3个月的栈桥式护岸，基本实现了在湖水变化很大的状态下，仍然保持亲水性和生态性的目标，同时，精心选择的野生植物与花岗岩人工栈桥相结合，产生了脱俗之美感。而且，随着时间的推移，水际群落的不断丰富和成熟，生物多样性将不断提高，生态、亲人和美学效果将更加显著。同时，公园设计对南方雨水充沛及公园水位较高的特点缺乏充分考虑，致使公园局部排水系统不畅，部分绿地水分积聚过多而造成树木生长不良,现场调整后渴望改善；在公园其他地区的植物配置中，一些荫生植物因没能及时得到新载乔木的庇护，影响了观赏观赏效果，随着乔木层郁闭度的提高,乡土生物的多样性将日趋提高。
▼红盒子休闲中心鸟瞰图，bird-eye’s view of the red box
▼红盒子休闲中心外观及其入口，exterior view of the red box and its entrances
▼红盒子休闲中心内部，提供了一种愉快的童年体验，the interior view of the red box that offers the unforgettable bitter and the pleasure childhood experienc
▼因要拓展河道而被铲除的无花果树被移植到一片空地上，同时为人们提供了一个休息空间，an island is created to preserve the old Figs trees that would have been cut for the widening of river for flood control, and detail design is made to create a soft bank and pleasant space for people
▼公园里的休闲空间，the leisure space in the park
▼公园局部夜景，partial night view of the park
▼公园里双塔夜景，the twin towers in the night
Project ideas: Value the ordinary and recycle the existing
At the beginning of the new millennium, China changed dramatically. Urbanization accelerated, state-owned factories went bankrupt, and millions of workers lost their jobs. Together with other old buildings and the vernacular landscape, old factories that occupied central urban space were being demolished for new development, less because their land had high value than because they were considered outmoded and ugly. At the same time, city governments were becoming rich largely because of the preceding years’ open economic policy. China’s “City Beautiful Movement” heated up, mixing European Baroque and traditional Chinese imperial aesthetics. Vernacular landscapes were replaced with landscapes of ornamental horticulture and rockery copied from Chinese classical gardens, along with deliberately odd-shaped buildings and structures. The Cultural Revolution was a sensitive, undiscussed topic. Parks were still gated gardens with entrance fees maintained as places for holidays and special events.
When Kongjian Yu returned to China in 1997, he criticized as wasteful the country’s City Beautiful urban design and ornamental gardening and called for the preservation of vernacular heritage landscapes, including the industrial. Shipyard Park offered the first chance for him to express his values and aesthetics.
Shipyard Park demonstrates Yu’s integration of ecological, social, economic, and cultural considerations: (1) value the ordinary and even the outmoded and consider the socialist industrial heritage of the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s to be as precious as that of ancient traditional culture; (2) make the park integral to the urban landscape and open to the public free of customary fees for local citizens and tourists; (3) establish a new aesthetic favoring untrimmed and “weedy” native, low-maintenance plants; and (4) design the park to aid in flood control, adapting it to water-level fluctuations.
Project description:
This park was built on the site of an abandoned, polluted, and dilapidated shipyard (erected in the 1950s and bankrupt by 1999) dotted with old docks, cranes, rails, water towers, and machinery. The design shows how landscape architects can turn a derelict site into an attractive, meaningful, and functional place, and thus contribute to urban renewal.Since the park’s lake connects through the Qijiang River to the sea, water levels fluctuate up to 1.1 meters daily. A network of bridges was constructed at various elevations and integrated with terraced planting beds so that native “weeds” from the alluvial wetland could be grown and visitors could feel a hint of the ocean.
Regulations of the Water Management Bureau required that the river corridor at the east side of the site be expanded to eighty meters from sixty to manage water flow. This meant that more than ten old banyan trees were to be cut down. Turenscape instead dug a parallel ditch twenty meters wide on the other side of the trees, leaving them intact. Since remnant rusty docks and machinery are largely nuisances for local residents, three approaches were taken to artistically and ecologically dramatize the spirit of the site using preservation, modification, and creation of new forms. Native habitats, water, and cultural elements were preserved as found; existing structures, materials, and forms were reused for new functions. Vegetation along the old lake shore was preserved and modified, as were the rails, water towers, and dilapidated machines. New forms included a network of straight paths and green boxes (using figs trees as living walls), and a large red box that dramatizes the character of the site. Functionalism is evident in the network of paths linking key locations and exits, in the reuse of dock structures to provide tea and park services, in the light tower made from a former water tower, and in the paved areas under trees where tai chi can be practiced.
项目地点：广东省中山市
项目类别：海绵城市
项目规模：110 000㎡
设计时间：2000-7-26
建成时间：2001-7-26
委托方：广东省中山市规划局
所获奖项：2002美国景观设计师协会设计荣誉奖，2009ULI亚太区杰出奖
Location: Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China
Area: 11 hectares (27 acres)
Design time: designed June 1999 to May 2001; completed May 2001
Awards:
2009 Global Award for Excellence, Urban Land Institute
2009 Asian Pacific Award for Excellence, Urban Land Institute
2008 Excellence on the Waterfront Award, The Waterfront Center, Washington, D.C.
2004 Chinese National Gold Medal of Fine Arts
2002 Honor Award, American Society of Landscape Architects
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