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给心灵放个假吧
气候变化对我们的影响是直接的，是显而易见的。
气候变化对人们的影响也是多方位的。
今天我们重点来讨论一下气候变化如何影响人们的心理健康。
我们可能认为这两者是没有什么关联的，但是实际上各种潜移默化的影响是非常深远的。
For all that's ever been said about climate change,
尽管人们一直在谈论气候变化，
we haven't heard nearly enough about the psychological impacts of living in a warming world.
但我们对生活在一个日益变暖的世界里的心理影响所听到的还远远不够。
If you've heard the grim climate research that science communicators like me weave into our books and documentaries,
如果你听说过像我这样的科学传播者在我们的书和纪录片中记录的严峻的气候研究，
you've probably felt bouts of fear,
你可能感到一阵恐惧，
fatalism or hopelessness.
宿命或绝望。
If you've been impacted by climate disaster,
如果你受到了气候灾难的影响，
these feelings can set in much deeper,
更有可能会有这种感觉，
leading to shock, trauma, strained relationships,
导致震惊，创伤，紧张，
substance abuse and the loss of personal identity and control.
滥用药物和丧失个人身份和控制。
Vital political and technological work is underway to moderate our climate chaos,
正在进行重要的政治和技术工作来缓和我们的气候混乱，
but I'm here to evoke a feeling in you for why we also need our actions and policies to reflect an understanding of how our changing environments threaten our mental,
但我在这里是为了唤起你们的一种感觉，为什么我们也需要我们的行动和政策来反映对我们不断变化的环境如何威胁我们心理，
social and spiritual well-being.
社会和精神上的幸福。
The anxiety, grief and depression of climate scientists and activists have been reported>多年来一直有关于气候科学家和活动家的焦虑，悲伤和沮丧的报道。
Trends we've seen after extreme weather events like hurricane Sandy or Katrina for increased PTSD and suicidality.
我们在飓风桑迪或卡特里娜飓风等极端天气事件后看到的趋势是PTSD增加和自杀。
And there are rich mental-health data from northern communities where warming is the fastest,
还有来自北方社区的丰富的心理健康数据，那里的气候变暖速度最快，
like the Inuit in Labrador,
就像拉布拉多的因纽特人，
who face existential distress as they witness the ice,
当他们见证冰层的时候，他们会面对生存上的痛苦，
a big part of their identity,
他们很大一部分的身份，
vanishing before their eyes.
在他们眼前消失。
Now if that weren't enough,
如果这还不够，
the American Psychological Association says that our psychological responses to climate change,
美国心理协会说我们对气候变化的心理反应，
like conflict avoidance,
比如避免冲突，
helplessness and resignation, are growing.
无助和顺从正在增长。
This means that our conscious and unconscious mental processes are holding us back from identifying the causes of the problem for what they are,
这意味着我们的意识和无意识的心理过程阻碍了我们找出问题的根源，
working>致力于解决问题并培养我们自己的心理适应能力，
but we need all those things to take>但我们需要所有这些东西来承担我们所创造的一切。
Lately, I've been studying a phenomenon that's just>最近，我一直在研究一种现象，这只是我们所看到的情感困难的一个例子。
And it comes in the form of a question that a significant amount of people in my generation are struggling to answer.
它以一个问题的形式出现，我这一代的很多人都很难回答这个问题。
That being: Should I have a child in the age of climate change?
那就是:在气候变化的年代，我应该要一个孩子吗?
After all, any child born today will have to live in a world where hurricanes, flooding,
毕竟，今天出生的任何一个孩子都必须生活在一个飓风，洪水，
wildfires -- what we used to call natural disasters -- have become commonplace.
野火-我们过去称之为自然灾害-已经司空见惯的世界里。
The hottest 20 years>有记录以来最热的20年是过去22年。
The UN expects that two-thirds of the global population may face water shortages>联合国预计，仅仅六年后，全球三分之二的人口就可能面临缺水问题。
The World Bank predicts that by 2050,
世界银行预测到2050年，
there's going to be 140 million climate refugees in sub-Saharan Africa,
撒哈拉以南，非洲，拉丁美洲和南亚
Latin America and South Asia.
将会有1.4亿气候难民。
And other estimates put that number at over>其他的估计数字超过10亿。
Mass migrations and resource scarcity increase the risk for violence,
大规模移民和资源匮乏增加了暴力、
war and political instability.
战争和政治不稳定的风险。
The UN just reported that we are pushing up to a million species to extinction,
联合国刚刚报告说，我们正把一百万种物种推向灭绝，
many within decades,
其中许多在几十年内就会灭绝，
and our emissions are still increasing,
即使在《巴黎协定》签署之后，
even after the Paris Agreement.
我们的排放量仍在增加。
Over the last year and a half,
在过去的一年半里，
I've been conducting workshops and interviews with hundreds of people about parenting in the climate crisis.
我一直在举办研讨会，并采访了数百人，讨论如何在气候危机中做好父母的职责。
And I can tell you that people who are worried about having kids because of climate change are not motivated by an ascetic pride.
我可以告诉你们，那些担心气候变化而生孩子的人，并不是出于苦行僧的自豪感。
They're nerve-racked.
他们神经兮兮的。
There's even a movement called BirthStrike,
甚至有一场名为“诞生罢工”(BirthStrike)的运动，
whose members have declared they're not going to have kids because of the state of the ecological crisis and inaction from governments to address this existential threat.
其成员宣称，由于生态危机的状况以及政府在应对这种生存威胁方面的不作为，他们不会生孩子。
And yes, other generations have also faced their own apocalyptic dangers,
是的，其他几代人也面临着自己的末日危险，
but that is no reason to disregard the very real threat to our survival now.
但这并不是无视对我们现在生存的真正威胁的理由。
Some feel that it's better to adopt children.
有些人觉得收养孩子更好。
Or that it's unethical to have more than>或者说有一个以上的人是不道德的，尤其是三个，
four or more,
四个或更多，
because kids increase greenhouse gas emissions.
因为孩子会增加温室气体的排放。
Now, it is a really unfortunate state of affairs when people who want kids sacrifice their right to because, somehow,
现在，当人们想要孩子牺牲他们的权利，这是一种非常不幸的情况，因为，不知何故，
they have been told that their lifestyle choices are to blame when the fault is far more systemic,
当错误是更系统的时候，他们被告知他们的生活方式的选择是错误的，
but let's just unpack the logic here.
但让我们在这讲讲逻辑。
So an oft-cited study shows that,>因此，一项经常被引用的研究表明，平均而言，
having>在工业化国家少生一个孩子，每年可以节省约59吨二氧化碳。
While in comparison,
相比之下，
living car-free saves nearly 2.5 tons,
无车生活节省了近2.5吨，
avoiding a transatlantic flight -- and this is just>避免跨大西洋飞行，一次就节省了大约1.5吨，
and eating a plant-based diet can save almost>而吃植物性饮食每年可以节省近1吨。
And consider that a Bangladeshi child>想想看，孟加拉国的孩子一生中只给他们父母的碳遗产增加了56公吨的碳，
while an American child, in comparison,
相比之下，美国的孩子，
adds 9,441 to theirs.
增加了9441公吨。
So this is why some people argue that it's parents from nations with huge carbon footprints who should think the hardest about how many kids they have.
因此，这就是为什么有些人认为，来自碳足迹巨大国家的父母应该最认真地考虑他们有多少孩子。
But the decision to have a child and>但生孩子的决定和一个人对未来的感受是非常个人化的，
and wrapped up in all sorts of cultural norms, religious beliefs, socioeconomic status,
与各种文化规范、宗教信仰、社会经济地位、
education levels and more.
教育水平等等密切相关。
And so to some,
因此，对一些人来说，
this debate about kids in the climate crisis can seem like it came from another planet.
这场关于气候危机中的孩子的争论似乎来自另一个星球。
Many have more immediate threats to their survival to think about, like,
许多人面临着更直接的生存威胁，比如
how they're going to put food>他们要怎么把食物放在桌子上，
when they're a single mom working three jobs,
当他们是单身妈妈做三份工作的时候，
or they're HIV positive or>或者他们是HIV阳性的，或者是在流动的移民大军中。
Tragically, though, climate change is really great at intersectionality.
气候变化确实具有很强的交叉性，
It multiplies the stresses marginalized communities already face.
它使边缘化社区已经面临的压力倍增。
A political scientist>一位政治学家曾对我说，气候变化开始从心理上对人们产生影响的一个主要指标，
would be an increase in the rate of informed women deciding to not have children.
将是知情女性决定不生孩子的比例上升。
Interesting.
有意思的。
Is it hitting home with you, psychologically?
从心理上来说，这是否击中了你的要害?
Are you perhaps someone with climate-linked pre-traumatic stress?
你是否患有创伤前应激性疾病?
A climate psychiatrist coined that term,
一个气候精神病学家创造了这个术语，
and that's a profession now,
顺便说一下，
by the way,
这是一个专业，
shrinks for climate woes.
因为气候灾难而萎缩。
They're getting work at a time when some high schoolers don't want to apply to university any longer,
他们找工作的时候，一些高中生不想再申请大学了，
because they can't foresee a future for themselves.
因为他们无法预见自己的未来。
And this brings me back to my main point.
这又回到了我的主要观点。
The growing concern about having kids in the climate crisis is an urgent indicator of how hard-pressed people are feeling.
越来越多的人担心在气候危机中生孩子，这是人们感到压力有多大的一个紧迫指标。
Right now, students around the world are screaming for change in the piercing voice of despair.
现在，全世界的学生都在用绝望的尖锐声音尖叫着要求改变。
And the fact that we can see how we contribute to this problem that makes us feel unsafe is crazy-making in itself.
事实上，我们可以看到我们是如何对这个让我们感到不安全的问题做出贡献的，这本身就是疯狂的。
Climate change is all-encompassing and so are the ways that it messes with our minds.
气候变化是包罗万象的，它扰乱我们思维的方式也是如此。
Many activists will tell you that the best antidote to grief is activism.
许多积极分子会告诉你，对悲伤最好的解药是积极行动。
And some psychologists will tell you the answer can be found in therapy.
一些心理学家会告诉你，在治疗中可以找到答案。
Others believe the key is to imagine you're>另一些人则认为，关键是想象自己即将死去，
reflecting back>回想一下生命中最重要的事情，
so you can identify what you should do more of now,
这样你就能在剩下的时间里确定
with the time that you have left.
现在应该做的更多。
We need all these ideas, and more,
我们需要所有这些想法，甚至更多，
to take care of our innermost selves as the environments we've known become more punishing towards us.
来照顾我们内心深处的自我，因为我们所熟悉的环境对我们越来越不利。
And whether you have children or not,
不管你有没有孩子，
we need to be honest about what is happening,
我们都需要诚实地面对正在发生的事情，
and what we owe>以及我们对彼此的亏欠。
We cannot afford to treat the psychological impacts of climate change as some afterthought,
我们不能把气候变化的心理影响当作是事后的想法，
because the other issues, of science,
因为科学、技术、
technology and the politics and economy, feel hard,
政治和经济等其他问题让人感觉困难，
while this somehow feels soft.
而这个问题却让人感觉软弱。
Mental health needs to be an integral part of any climate change survival strategy, requiring funding,
精神健康需要成为任何气候变化生存战略的一个组成部分，需要资金、
and ethics of equity and care,
公平和关怀的伦理
and widespread awareness.
以及广泛的认识。
Because even if you're the most emotionally avoidant person>因为即使你是这个星球上情绪逃避最严重的人，
there's no rug in the world that's big enough to sweep this up under.
这个世界上也没有足够大的地毯能把这一切扫除。
Thank you.
谢谢。
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