· 低钠—每份含有 140 毫克或更少钠· 超低钠—每份含有 35 毫克或更少钠· 无盐/钠—每份含有不到 5 毫克的钠注意!标签注明“减钠”或“少钠”并非指钠含量低,而是指该产品中的钠含量比原产品减少 25-50%,但可能仍含较高的钠。7 标明“无盐”或“未加盐”的产品的天然钠含量不尽相同,不能保证产品中不含钠。以下是减少饮食中盐摄入的一些建议:· 在烹饪时逐渐减少用盐。您的味蕾将很快适应。· 避免在餐桌上额外加盐。相反,尝试在烹饪时使用不同的香料和调味料,例如新鲜大蒜、洋葱或芫荽。· 避免大量食用椒盐脆饼干和薯片等咸味零食。· 避免食用加盐的罐装食物。寻找标签上显示“未加钠”或“低钠”的食品种类。尝试以新鲜或冷冻蔬菜代替罐装食物,因为蔬菜中的钠含量本来就低。· 限制食用在盐水中腌制或包装的食物,例如泡菜和橄榄,以及番茄酱、芥末酱和烧烤酱等通常含钠量高的调味品。酱油或日式酱油等常见调味品的钠含量也非常高。维持健康体重及加强锻炼超重和肥胖会增加您患上高血压的可能性。素食者往往体重较轻,而且超重和肥胖的风险更低。 避免食用动物制品及油炸和高脂肪食品,同时增加蔬菜、水果、全谷类食品和豆类的摄入能促进健康的体重,从而改善血压。体育活动能够帮助您降低血压。尝试每周至少进行三次 30 分钟至一个小时的快走运动。另一个好处是,维持正常体重(身体质量指数介于 18.5kg/m2 - 25 kg/m2 之间),而且减掉多余脂肪会进一步降低患上糖尿病、心脏问题、关节问题和一些癌症的风险。由于锻炼可能会增加您心脏的压力,在开始一项新的锻炼计划前请咨询您的医生。 参考资料1. Nwankwo T, Yoon SS, Burt V, Gu Q. Hypertension amongadults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,2011–2012. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: National Centerfor Health Statistics. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db133.pdf. AccessedJuly 6, 2015.2. Kung HC, Xu J. Hypertension-related mortality in theUnited States, 2000–2013.NCHS data brief, no 193. Centers for Disease Control andPrevention: National Center for Health Statistics. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db193.pdf.AccessedJuly 6, 2015.3. About high blood pressure. American Heart Association.http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HighBloodPressure/AboutHighBloodPressure/About-High-Blood-Pressure_UCM_002050_Article.jsp. AccessedJuly 6, 2015.4. Yokoyama Y, Nishimura K, Barnard ND, et al. Vegetariandiets and blood pressure:a meta-analysis. JAMA InternMed.2014;174:577-587.5. Craig WJ, Mangels AR. Position of the AmericanDietetic Association: vegetarian diets. J Am DietAssoc.2009;109:1266-1282.6. Appleby PN, Davey GK, Key TJ. Hypertension and bloodpressure among meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans in EPIC-Oxford.Public HealthNutr.2002;5:645-654.7. Sodium in your diet: using the nutrition facts labelto reduce your intake. U.S.Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/UCM315471.pdf. AccessedJune 26, 2015.8. Le LT, Sabaté J. Beyond meatless, the health effectsof vegan diets: findings from the adventist cohorts. Nutrients. 2014;6:2131-2147.