1、用作连词
1. 用作等立连词,使其前后的词、短
语、分句相互对照,作“但是,然而,
可是”解。She is young but very
experienced.她虽然年轻但经验丰富。
2. 用于表示歉意的话语之后,表示谢
绝或不赞成。I'm sorry, but I disagree
with you.对不起,我不同意你的意见。
3. 用于两个并列的分句之间,与前面
的否定词形成对比,作“无……而不……”
解。(从不做,但一做就…;每当…总
是) It never rains but it pours.不雨则已,
一雨倾盆。 (不鸣则已,一鸣惊人)
I never go past that house but I think
of the happy years I spent there.每当我
走过那所房子时,没有一次不想起(我
都想起)我在那儿度过的欢乐岁月。
2、用作介词
与 no ,nobody ,nothing ,none ,
who 等词连用,作“除……之外”解,
用来排除同类中的一分子,或从整
体中除去一部分。
Nobody knew her but me.除我以外,
没有人认识她。Nothing but disaster
would come from such a plan.这个计
划只能带来灾难,别无益处。
2. but 前面有 do 的某种形式时, but
后面的动词不定式要省略 to ;其前没
有 do 的某种形式时, but 后面的不定
式要带 to .We had no choice but to
wait.除了等待,我们别无选择。He did
nothing all day long but watch TV.一整
天,他除了看电视,别无他事可做。
3. 与 last , next 及 one , two 等连用,
作“倒数第二、第三”等解。例如:Jack
was the last but one to arrive.杰克是倒
数第二个到达的。Last but two 倒数第
三 。On the next day but one 隔天后。
3、用作副词
1. 意思上相当于 only ,后面跟名词或
动词。Tom is but a child. 汤姆只是个
孩子。We can but try now. 我们现在只
能尝试一遍。
2. but 出现在 too … to …结构前面时,
不定式含肯定意义。I'm but too glad to
go there with you.我非常高兴和你一起
去那里。
4、关系代词But 用在否定词或具有
否定意义的否定句中作关系代词, 引
导含否定意思的定语从句,相当于
“which.not' 'that.not''who.not'
等,因此构成双重否定句。
There is no one but knows it.= There
is no one who doesn't know it.双重否
定没人不知道=人人皆知。 There is
nothing in the world but inspires me
with courage.= There is nothing in the
world that doesn’t inspire me with
courage.
世界上没有一件事不激励我的勇气=
世界上的一切都能激励我的勇气。
There is scarcely a man but has his
weak side.=There is scarcely a man
who doesn’t have his weak side.
几乎无人没缺点=人人都有缺点。
5、But作从属连词
But作从属连词可引导结果状语从句,
此时but具有否定含义,与主句中的
否定词构成双重否定形式:
not so...but(that/what),
或not such a ...but,
意思为“不是如此…以至于不…”
Tom is not such a fool but he knows it
.=Tom is not such a fool that he
doesn’t know it.
汤姆并不是傻得连这个都不知道。
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