有个名叫Everything的软件,搜索文件飞快,看了一下原理,原来NTFS会记录文件的所有操作,也就是说即便文件被删除了,通过USN记录仍然可以知道文件名等部分信息。于是准备写个程序删掉这个信息,但研究了一下,发现它默认其实是关闭的,也就是没必要担心信息外漏。
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <deque>
using namespace std;
struct FileInfo
{
DWORDLONG FileRefNo;
DWORDLONG ParentRefNo;
DWORD FileAttributes;
WCHAR Name[MAX_PATH];
};
bool EnumUsnRecord( const char* drvname, std::deque<FileInfo>& con )
{
bool ret = false;
char FileSystemName[MAX_PATH+1];
DWORD MaximumComponentLength;
if( GetVolumeInformationA( (std::string(drvname)+":\\").c_str(),0,0,0,&MaximumComponentLength,0,FileSystemName,MAX_PATH+1)
&& 0==strcmp(FileSystemName,"NTFS") ) // 判断是否为 NTFS 格式
{
HANDLE hVol = CreateFileA( (std::string("\\\\.\\")+drvname+":").c_str() // 需要管理员权限,无奈
, GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, NULL);
if( hVol != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
{
DWORD br;
CREATE_USN_JOURNAL_DATA cujd = { 0, 0 };
if( DeviceIoControl( hVol, FSCTL_CREATE_USN_JOURNAL, &cujd, sizeof(cujd), NULL, 0, &br, NULL ) ) // 如果创建过,且没有用FSCTL_DELETE_USN_JOURNAL关闭,则可以跳过这一步
{
USN_JOURNAL_DATA qujd;
if( DeviceIoControl( hVol, FSCTL_QUERY_USN_JOURNAL, NULL, 0, &qujd, sizeof(qujd), &br, NULL ) )
{
char buffer[0x1000]; // 缓冲区越大则DeviceIoControl调用次数越少,即效率越高
DWORD BytesReturned;
//{ // 使用FSCTL_READ_USN_JOURNAL可以只搜索指定change reason的记录,比如下面的代码只搜索被删除的文件信息,但即便rujd.ReasonMask设为-1,也列不出所有文件
// READ_USN_JOURNAL_DATA rujd = { 0, USN_REASON_FILE_DELETE, 0, 0, 0, qujd.UsnJournalID };
// for( ; DeviceIoControl(hVol,FSCTL_READ_USN_JOURNAL,&rujd,sizeof(rujd),buffer,_countof(buffer),&BytesReturned,NULL); rujd.StartUsn=*(USN*)&buffer )
// {
// DWORD dwRetBytes = BytesReturned - sizeof(USN);
// PUSN_RECORD UsnRecord = (PUSN_RECORD)((PCHAR)buffer+sizeof(USN));
// if( dwRetBytes==0 )
// {
// ret = true;
// break;
// }
//
// while( dwRetBytes > 0 )
// {
// printf( "FRU %016I64x, PRU %016I64x, %.*S\n", UsnRecord->FileReferenceNumber, UsnRecord->ParentFileReferenceNumber
// , UsnRecord->FileNameLength/2, UsnRecord->FileName );
//
// dwRetBytes -= UsnRecord->RecordLength;
// UsnRecord = (PUSN_RECORD)( (PCHAR)UsnRecord + UsnRecord->RecordLength );
// }
// }
//}
{ // 使用FSCTL_ENUM_USN_DATA可以列出所有存在的文件信息,但UsnRecord->Reason等信息是无效的
MFT_ENUM_DATA med = { 0, 0, qujd.NextUsn };
for( ; DeviceIoControl(hVol,FSCTL_ENUM_USN_DATA,&med,sizeof(med),buffer,_countof(buffer),&BytesReturned,NULL); med.StartFileReferenceNumber=*(USN*)&buffer )
{
DWORD dwRetBytes = BytesReturned - sizeof(USN);
PUSN_RECORD UsnRecord = (PUSN_RECORD)((PCHAR)buffer+sizeof(USN));
while( dwRetBytes > 0 )
{
FileInfo finf;
finf.FileRefNo = UsnRecord->FileReferenceNumber;
finf.ParentRefNo = UsnRecord->ParentFileReferenceNumber;
finf.FileAttributes = UsnRecord->FileAttributes;
memcpy( finf.Name, UsnRecord->FileName, UsnRecord->FileNameLength );
finf.Name[UsnRecord->FileNameLength/2] = L'\0';
con.push_back( finf );
dwRetBytes -= UsnRecord->RecordLength;
UsnRecord = (PUSN_RECORD)( (PCHAR)UsnRecord + UsnRecord->RecordLength );
}
}
ret = GetLastError()==ERROR_HANDLE_EOF;
}
DELETE_USN_JOURNAL_DATA dujd = { qujd.UsnJournalID, USN_DELETE_FLAG_DELETE };
DeviceIoControl( hVol, FSCTL_DELETE_USN_JOURNAL, &dujd, sizeof(dujd), NULL, 0, &br, NULL ); // 关闭USN记录。如果是别人的电脑,当然可以不关^_^
}
}
}
CloseHandle( hVol );
}
return ret;
}
/////////// 以下为测试代码,输出D盘文件树结构 ///////////
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>
struct FileNode
{
WCHAR name[MAX_PATH];
DWORD FileAttributes;
std::vector<FileNode> subs;
FileNode( const WCHAR* filename, DWORD fileattr ) : FileAttributes(fileattr)
{
wcscpy( name, filename );
}
};
int main()
{
std::deque<FileInfo> con;// list不利于折半查找
EnumUsnRecord( "D", con );
// 整理成树
struct foo1
{
bool operator()( const FileInfo& a, const FileInfo& b ) const
{
if( a.ParentRefNo != b.ParentRefNo )
return a.ParentRefNo<b.ParentRefNo;
if( (a.FileAttributes&FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != (b.FileAttributes&FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) )
return (a.FileAttributes&FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) > (b.FileAttributes&FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY);
return _wcsicmp(a.Name,b.Name)<0;
}
};
std::sort( con.begin(), con.end(), foo1() );
FileNode root( L"D:\\", 0 );
std::deque< std::pair<DWORDLONG,std::vector<FileNode>*> > tmp;
tmp.push_back( std::make_pair(0x5000000000005,&root.subs) );
for( ; !tmp.empty(); )
{
DWORDLONG ParentRefNo = tmp.front().first;
std::vector<FileNode>& subs = *tmp.front().second;
tmp.pop_front();
struct foo2 {
bool operator()( DWORDLONG prn, const FileInfo& fi ) const { return prn < fi.ParentRefNo; }
bool operator()( const FileInfo& fi, DWORDLONG prn ) const { return fi.ParentRefNo < prn; }
bool operator()( const FileInfo& a, const FileInfo& b ) const { return a.ParentRefNo < b.ParentRefNo; }
};
std::pair<std::deque<FileInfo>::iterator,std::deque<FileInfo>::iterator> r = std::equal_range( con.begin(), con.end(), ParentRefNo, foo2() );
subs.reserve( std::distance(r.first,r.second) );
for( std::deque<FileInfo>::iterator itor=r.first; itor!=r.second; ++itor )
{
FileNode fn( itor->Name, itor->FileAttributes );
subs.push_back( fn );
tmp.push_front( std::make_pair(itor->FileRefNo, &subs.back().subs) ); // 深度优先
}
}
con.clear();
// 输出树
setlocale( LC_CTYPE, "chs" );
std::vector< std::pair<std::vector<FileNode>::iterator,std::vector<FileNode>::iterator> > path;
printf( "%s\n", "D:" );
path.push_back( std::make_pair(root.subs.begin(),root.subs.end()) );
for( ; !path.empty(); )
{
if( path.back().first != path.back().second )
{
printf( "%*s%S\n", path.size()*2, "", path.back().first->name );
path.push_back( std::make_pair(path.back().first->subs.begin(),path.back().first->subs.end()) );
}
else
{
path.pop_back();
if( path.empty() ) break;
++path.back().first;
}
}
return 0;
}
// 根据 FileReferenceNumber 直接获得全路径 的方法二
使用 NtCreatefile 和 NtQueryInformationFile ,但要求这个文件必须存在(in-used)
void GetFullPathByFileReferenceNumber( HANDLE hVol, DWORDLONG FileReferenceNumber )
{
typedef ULONG (__stdcall *PNtCreateFile)(
PHANDLE FileHandle,
ULONG DesiredAccess,
PVOID ObjectAttributes,
PVOID IoStatusBlock,
PLARGE_INTEGER AllocationSize,
ULONG FileAttributes,
ULONG ShareAccess,
ULONG CreateDisposition,
ULONG CreateOptions,
PVOID EaBuffer,
ULONG EaLength );
PNtCreateFile NtCreatefile = (PNtCreateFile)GetProcAddress( GetModuleHandle(L"ntdll.dll"), "NtCreateFile" );
typedef struct _UNICODE_STRING {
USHORT Length, MaximumLength;
PWCH Buffer;
} UNICODE_STRING, *PUNICODE_STRING;
UNICODE_STRING fidstr = { 8, 8, (PWSTR)&FileReferenceNumber };
typedef struct _OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES {
ULONG Length;
HANDLE RootDirectory;
PUNICODE_STRING ObjectName;
ULONG Attributes;
PVOID SecurityDescriptor;
PVOID SecurityQualityOfService;
} OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES;
const ULONG OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE = 0x00000040UL;
OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES oa = { sizeof(OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES), hVol, &fidstr, OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE, 0, 0 };
HANDLE hFile;
ULONG iosb[2];
const ULONG FILE_OPEN_BY_FILE_ID = 0x00002000UL;
const ULONG FILE_OPEN = 0x00000001UL;
ULONG status = NtCreatefile( &hFile, GENERIC_ALL, &oa, iosb, NULL, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE, FILE_OPEN, FILE_OPEN_BY_FILE_ID, NULL, 0 );
if( status == 0 )
{
typedef struct _IO_STATUS_BLOCK {
union {
NTSTATUS Status;
PVOID Pointer;
};
ULONG_PTR Information;
} IO_STATUS_BLOCK, *PIO_STATUS_BLOCK;
typedef enum _FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS {
// ……
FileNameInformation = 9
// ……
} FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS, *PFILE_INFORMATION_CLASS;
typedef NTSTATUS (__stdcall *PNtQueryInformationFile)(
HANDLE FileHandle,
PIO_STATUS_BLOCK IoStatusBlock,
PVOID FileInformation,
DWORD Length,
FILE_INFORMATION_CLASS FileInformationClass );
PNtQueryInformationFile NtQueryInformationFile = (PNtQueryInformationFile)GetProcAddress( GetModuleHandle(L"ntdll.dll"), "NtQueryInformationFile" );
typedef struct _OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION {
UNICODE_STRING Name;
} OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION, *POBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION;
IO_STATUS_BLOCK IoStatus;
size_t allocSize = sizeof(OBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION) + MAX_PATH*sizeof(WCHAR);
POBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION pfni = (POBJECT_NAME_INFORMATION)operator new(allocSize);
status = NtQueryInformationFile(hFile, &IoStatus, pfni, allocSize, FileNameInformation);
if( status == 0 )
{
printf( "%.*S\n", pfni->Name.Length/2, &pfni->Name.Buffer );
}
operator delete(pfni);
CloseHandle(hFile);
}
}
// 根据 FileReferenceNumber 直接获得全路径 的方法三
使用 FSCTL_GET_NTFS_FILE_RECORD,但要求这个文件必须存在(in-used)
typedef struct {
ULONG Type;
USHORT UsaOffset;
USHORT UsaCount;
USN Usn;
} NTFS_RECORD_HEADER, *PNTFS_RECORD_HEADER;
typedef struct {
NTFS_RECORD_HEADER Ntfs;
USHORT SequenceNumber;
USHORT LinkCount;
USHORT AttributesOffset;
USHORT Flags; // 0x0001 = InUse, 0x0002 = Directory
ULONG BytesInUse;
ULONG BytesAllocated;
ULONGLONG BaseFileRecord;
USHORT NextAttributeNumber;
} FILE_RECORD_HEADER, *PFILE_RECORD_HEADER;
typedef enum {
AttributeStandardInformation = 0x10,
AttributeAttributeList = 0x20,
AttributeFileName = 0x30,
AttributeObjectId = 0x40,
AttributeSecurityDescriptor = 0x50,
AttributeVolumeName = 0x60,
AttributeVolumeInformation = 0x70,
AttributeData = 0x80,
AttributeIndexRoot = 0x90,
AttributeIndexAllocation = 0xA0,
AttributeBitmap = 0xB0,
AttributeReparsePoint = 0xC0,
AttributeEAInformation = 0xD0,
AttributeEA = 0xE0,
AttributePropertySet = 0xF0,
AttributeLoggedUtilityStream = 0x100
} ATTRIBUTE_TYPE, *PATTRIBUTE_TYPE;
typedef struct {
ATTRIBUTE_TYPE AttributeType;
ULONG Length;
BOOLEAN Nonresident;
UCHAR NameLength;
USHORT NameOffset;
USHORT Flags; // 0x0001 = Compressed
USHORT AttributeNumber;
} ATTRIBUTE, *PATTRIBUTE;
typedef struct {
ATTRIBUTE Attribute;
ULONGLONG LowVcn;
ULONGLONG HighVcn;
USHORT RunArrayOffset;
UCHAR CompressionUnit;
UCHAR AlignmentOrReserved[5];
ULONGLONG AllocatedSize;
ULONGLONG DataSize;
ULONGLONG InitializedSize;
ULONGLONG CompressedSize; // Only when compressed
} NONRESIDENT_ATTRIBUTE, *PNONRESIDENT_ATTRIBUTE;
typedef struct {
ATTRIBUTE Attribute;
ULONG ValueLength;
USHORT ValueOffset;
USHORT Flags; // 0x0001 = Indexed
} RESIDENT_ATTRIBUTE, *PRESIDENT_ATTRIBUTE;
typedef struct {
ULONGLONG CreationTime;
ULONGLONG ChangeTime;
ULONGLONG LastWriteTime;
ULONGLONG LastAccessTime;
ULONG FileAttributes;
ULONG AlignmentOrReservedOrUnknown[3];
ULONG QuotaId; // NTFS 3.0 only
ULONG SecurityId; // NTFS 3.0 only
ULONGLONG QuotaCharge; // NTFS 3.0 only
USN Usn; // NTFS 3.0 only
} STANDARD_INFORMATION, *PSTANDARD_INFORMATION;
typedef struct {
ULONGLONG DirectoryFileReferenceNumber;
ULONGLONG CreationTime; // Saved when filename last changed
ULONGLONG ChangeTime; // ditto
ULONGLONG LastWriteTime; // ditto
ULONGLONG LastAccessTime; // ditto
ULONGLONG AllocatedSize; // ditto
ULONGLONG DataSize; // ditto
ULONG FileAttributes; // ditto
ULONG AlignmentOrReserved;
UCHAR NameLength;
UCHAR NameType; // 0x01 = Long, 0x02 = Short
WCHAR Name[1];
} FILENAME_ATTRIBUTE, *PFILENAME_ATTRIBUTE;
bool GetFullPathByFileReferenceNumber( HANDLE hVol, DWORDLONG FileReferenceNumber )
{
if( (FileReferenceNumber&0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFF) == 5 )
return true;
bool ret = false;
DWORD BytesReturned;
NTFS_VOLUME_DATA_BUFFER nvdb;
if( DeviceIoControl( hVol, FSCTL_GET_NTFS_VOLUME_DATA, NULL, 0
, &nvdb, sizeof(nvdb), &BytesReturned, NULL ) ) // 仅是事例,没有作优化 1.作为递归调用,这一步应当提取出来 2.如果多次调用,DirectoryFileReferenceNumber没必要被重复获取
{
NTFS_FILE_RECORD_INPUT_BUFFER nfrib;
nfrib.FileReferenceNumber.QuadPart = FileReferenceNumber;
size_t len = sizeof(NTFS_FILE_RECORD_OUTPUT_BUFFER)+nvdb.BytesPerFileRecordSegment-1;
NTFS_FILE_RECORD_OUTPUT_BUFFER* nfrob = (PNTFS_FILE_RECORD_OUTPUT_BUFFER)operator new(len);
if( DeviceIoControl( hVol, FSCTL_GET_NTFS_FILE_RECORD, &nfrib, sizeof(nfrib)
, nfrob, len, &BytesReturned, NULL ) )
{
if( (nfrib.FileReferenceNumber.QuadPart&0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFF) == nfrob->FileReferenceNumber.QuadPart ) // a 48-bit index and a 16-bit sequence number
{
PFILE_RECORD_HEADER frh = (PFILE_RECORD_HEADER)nfrob->FileRecordBuffer;
for( PATTRIBUTE attr=(PATTRIBUTE)((LPBYTE)frh+frh->AttributesOffset); attr->AttributeType!=-1; attr=(PATTRIBUTE)((LPBYTE)attr+attr->Length) )
{
if( attr->AttributeType == AttributeFileName )
{
PFILENAME_ATTRIBUTE name = (PFILENAME_ATTRIBUTE)( (LPBYTE)attr + PRESIDENT_ATTRIBUTE(attr)->ValueOffset );
if( (name->NameType&1) == 1 ) // long name
{
if( GetFullPathByFileReferenceNumber( hVol, name->DirectoryFileReferenceNumber ) )
{
printf( "\\%.*S", name->NameLength, name->Name );
ret = true;
}
}
}
}
}
}
operator delete( nfrob );
}
return ret;
}
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