思考中药丨方不离药,药不离方 Integrated Study of Medicines and ...
Let’s start the journey of learning Chinese Medicine.课程的名称,本来是想叫“中药学”,但考虑到讲中药就离不开方剂,讲方剂又会讲到药物,方剂和药物没法分开,所以改为“方药之道”。My lectures were intended to be titled as “Traditional Chinese Pharmacy'. However, considering that in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), we cannot discuss medicines without formulas, and the study of formulas will certainly involve medicines— medicines and formulas are indeed inseparable, so it’s changed as The Tao of Chinese Formulas and Medicines. Integrated Study of Medicines and Formulas西方的学问喜欢把一个东西分割开来讲,于是有了一个一个的科,一个一个的学,分科而学,就是科学。可能当初东方人把science一词翻译成“科学”时,就注意到了它“分科而学”的特征。中国传统学问不是这样的,它讲究“一以贯之”。这跟“分科而学”恰好相反。The western knowledge system tends to break up things into subjects so that people can study them one by one. The so called “science” was literally translated into Chinese as “the study of subjects”. However the traditional Chinese knowledge is totally different—it focuses on the spirit of oneness.有的学问可以分科而学,有的却不可以。比如设计一个很大的机器,我们可以把它分成几个部分,每个组负责完成一个部件,最后由总工程师把它拼装起来,就大功告成了。制造机器可以分工,然后组装的。而那些灵动的、有机的、圆融的东西则不然。比如人体,人体可以组装么?脑袋卸下来了可以重新安上去么?器官移植,还能有原装的那样好么?不可能的。In fact, certain knowledge could be studied as individual subjects, but some could not. For example, a complicated machine can be designed and assembled by teams. But we cannot do the same to the intellectual, organic, harmonious things such as human body. It’s impossible to assemble human bodies or re-install heads. Some organs might be transplanted, but they can never be as good as the original ones.面对这样一个灵动的、有机的、圆融的人体,就需要一门灵动的、有机的、圆融的医学。到目前为止,大约只有中医达到了这个境界吧,当然,其它医学仍在快速发展之中。所以,其它医学可以分科而学,中医不能。To deal with such an intellectual, organic, harmonious human body, we need a medical science that is intellectual, organic and harmonious. So far, perhaps only TCM is like this kind. The other medical sciences might be studied by individual subjects, but we cannot do the same when learning TCM.现在的大学里,中药学和方剂学是分开讲的,先讲中药学,然后再讲方剂学。二者割裂了,讲中药的时候光讲中药什么性质,讲方剂的时候又讲某个方是什么方义,同时也不得不讲一些药性。为什么就不能把方和药放到一块讲呢?In modern universities, however, the study of medicines and formulas are separated. In teaching Chinese medicines, it’s all about the attributes; when teaching the formulas, it’s all about the formula mechanisms. Why not combining them together?The Problem with “Incomplete Learning From One Teacher”更要命的是,如果这两门课程分属两位老师讲,他们用药风格不一样,甚至治疗思想不一样,学生就会感到无所适从。To be worse, these two classes might be taught by two different teachers who have different patterns of medication, or even different approaches for treatment. Then the students will feel lost.人体是不能割裂的,中医也不能割裂,你把中医分解成中药学、方剂学、中医基础理论、内科学、外科学这些学科,由不同的老师来讲,一个老师是一个老师的思维方式,一个老师是一个老师的体系。学生学到最后,无所适从,会看病才怪呢!A living human body cannot be disassembled. The Traditional Chinese Medicine cannot be disassembled either. If TCM is divided as the study of herbal medicine, the study of formulas, fundamental theory, internal medicine, surgery, etc.., and the topics are taught by different teachers of different styles or with different models, the students will be totally confused. It will be very strange if they can really treat any disease by learning this way.前不久有一位初学中医的来拜访我,他说他参访了很多的名师、高人。我对此毫不以为然,因为一个名师讲一套,一个高人讲一点,你听到的只不过是一些浮光掠影的碎片。针对这种状况,《黄帝内经》提到过四个字,叫“受师不卒”,就是你在一个老师门下,没有学到底,这是学不好中医的。必须善始善终,把这个老师所有的东西完完整整地学来。接下来,你可以去参访名师,拓宽见识,取长补短,这样才能有所成。你一开始还不懂什么,就去参访名师,没有跟他们交流对话的基础,张三老师说向东你就向东,李四老师说向西你就向西,最后你就失去了方向。A while ago one beginner came to visit me and shared that he had interviewed many masters and celebrities in TCM area. I didn’t think very highly of that, as it’s obvious that he just received fragments of knowledge, some pieces from this one and some pieces from another one. There is a term for this situation in Huangdi Neijing ( the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine): “incomplete learning from one teacher”, which means one never thoroughly learnt from any teacher. It is a wrong way of learning TCM. Complete and thorough learning from one teacher is absolutely necessary before visiting other masters to expand views and learn additional skills. At the beginning when you don’t have a foundation to dialogue with different masters, you will easily get lost when you hear one way from Mr. Zhang or another way from Mr. Li. [Transltor’s note]: Huangdi Neijing, or the Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine, is considered to be the most important theoretical classic book in Traditional Chinese Medicine, symbolizing the establishment of the TCM theory around the 3rd Century BC. My Way of Explaining the Tao of Chinese Formulas and Medicines方不离药,药不离方,方和药又不离医理,不离临床,必须放在一起讲。现在我们要讲方药,也不会离开医理,不会离开临床,而是以方剂和药物为核心,演绎中医的基础理论和治病的方法。因此,我们讲一遍方药,也等于又从方药的角度,演绎了一遍中医的基础理论,一以贯之,这就上升到了道的高度。所以,我们称之为“方药之道”,而不是把它仅仅局限于一个学科。Medicines cannot be understood without the context of formulas. Formulas cannot be understood without comprehension of medicines. Medicines and formulas cannot be understood without understanding of TCM theories and clinical practices. They all must be well integrated. So I plan to share medicines and formulas together with the TCM theories and clinical practices. That is, by focusing around medicines and formulas, to illustrate TCM basic theories and curing methodologies. Therefore, it’s to explain TCM theories from the perspective of medicines and formulas. In fact, it’s about the Tao of TCM, about the oneness or wholistic view in Chinese philosophy. That’s why I want to name this book as the Tao of Chinese Formulas and Medicines, as it’s not just limited to one subject of TCM learning. 米奇,理工科学士,英文硕士(汉英语法研究与机器翻译专业)。多年在世界领先的医疗行业外企工作。业余时间大量用于学习推广中国文化。资深中医爱好者。
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