李阳疯狂英语之同化

2011-06-11 23:02阅读：

——口语中的同化现象
同化是指两个相邻的音连读时，其中一个音受另一个音的影响，变得跟邻音相同或相似；或者化一；或者两音相互影响，变为第三个音的现象。
第一节
顺向型同化
前面的音影响后面的音，叫顺向型同化。
这种现象多见于单词读音中，如当名词后加-e(-es)变成复数，动词单数第三人称加-s(-es),或规则动词后加“-ed”变成过去式或过去分词，由于受前面的音的影响，这些后加成分的读音各不相同。如cats和beds其复数形式同样是加“-s”但前者念[s],而后者念[z],原因是他们前面的音一个是清辅音[t]，另一个是浊辅音[d]。加“-ed”情况相同，其读音规律是清清浊浊，即清辅音后读清音，浊辅音后读浊音。如：looked念[lJkt]，而pulled念[pJld]。
关于名词后加-s(-es)变成复数，动词单数第三人称加-s(-es),或者规则动词后加“ed”变成过去式或过去分词，由于受前面的音的影响，这些后加成分的读音规则为：清辅音后读清音，浊辅音后读浊音。
It raining cats and dogs.
下倾盆大雨。
He stopped reading and looked up.
这时他停止看书，抬头看看。
“On my way home, I looked up an old friend of mine.”
“再回家的路上，我去看望了一下我的一个老朋友”
He pulled a tired smile when he stepped out of the room.
他从房间里出来时，脸上带着疲倦的微笑。
第二节 逆向型同化
前面的音受后面的音影响，叫逆向型同化。
如news的单独读音是[nju:z]，但在复合词newspaper中却读[ `nju:sp eIpE],[nju:z]中的[z]在复合词[ `nju:sp eIpE]中由于受后面清辅音[p]的影响而清化变成了[s]。又如：used to短语本该读成[ ju:zdtu]，但受后面[t]的影响，浊辅音[d]变成了[t]，而[t]又影响[z]的读音，使其清化为[s]，所以现在应念成[ ju:stu]。
Before I eat dinner, I read t

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he newspaper for a while.
We read the newspaper every morning.
A: He is not the man he used to be.
他已经不是旧日的他了。
B: Don’t worry. You’ll get used to it in no time.
We used to go there every year.
Our company used to do business with theirs. 第三节 相互同化
相互同化（1）
相互同化就是前后两个连在一起得音念起来不太方便，于是连在一起的两个音就互为影响而混合成一个新的、折衷的、比较好念的音，使之念起来顺口、听起来顺儿、看起来顺眼。此类同化并非是随意的，而是有规可循的。主要的变化如下：
[ s ]+[ j ]= [ F ]
在此情况下基本上都连读
God bless you.
IPA:
[ gBd bles?ju:] — [ s ]+[ j ]= [ F ] –口语中读音[ gB〈d 〉` bleFu:]
K.K:
[ gBd blZs?ju] — [ s ]+[ j ]= [ F ] –口语中读音[ gB〈d 〉` blZFu]
Now look what a mess you’ve made.
瞧你弄得乱七八糟。
Do you miss your family?
你想念家人吗？
I shall miss you very much.
我会非常想念你的。
相互同化（2）
[ t ]+[ j ]= [ tF ]
在此情况下基本上都连读
How about you?
IPA:
[ hBJ E`bBJt?ju:] — [ t ]+[ j ]= [ tF ] –口语中读音[ hBuE`bBJtFu:]
K.K:
[ hBJ E`bBJt?ju] — [ t ]+[ j ]= [ tF ] –口语中读音[ hBJ E`bBJtFu]
Take care that you don’t spoil your new clothes.
A: I’m very glad to meet you.
B: It’s a pleasure to meet you.
I’m sorry to tell that you’ve been dismissed.
相互同化（3）
[ d ]+[ j ]= [ dV ]
在此情况下基本上都连读
Could you tell me where the bus stop is?
IPA:
[ kJd?ju:] — [ d ]+[ j ]= [ dV ] –口语中读音[ kJdVu:]
K.K:
[kJd?ju] — [ d ]+[ j ]= [ dV ] –口语中读音[ kJdVu]
A: Did you panic?
B: Of course! It was awful!
Would you show me the bathroom, please?
Would you care to go for a walk with me?
（Care of 想）
Could you do me a favor?
Could you possibly give me a lift home?
你能让我搭个便车回家吗？
因发音部位的影响而发生的同化
当很快地说 This shield 或 horseshoe 时，this 或 horse 的词尾的齿龈音[s]，受后面的 shield或 shoe 词头的硬颚音[F]的影响，也变为[F]了。因而就念成了[ `TIF `Fild]、[`hCrF 9Fu]。
[s]之后跟[F]或[j]时，[s]常被同化为[F]
[s]--[F]。如：
this ship [ TIs FIp]--[ TIF FIp]
[z]之后跟[j]或时[F]，常被同化为[V]；
[s]--[V]。如：
Has she come? [hAz Fi: kQm]--[hAz Fi: kQm]
He tell you the truth.
当齿龈鼻音[n]出现在软颚音[k]或[g]前面时，它就变成软颚鼻音[N]
[n]+[k]或[g]=[N]
Thank you.
IPA:
[WANk ju:]
[n]+[k]=[Nk]
K.K:
[WANk ju]
[n]+[k]=[Nk]
I take a walk along the river bank every morning.
I think I can learn to speak good English in one month.
Hunger is best sauce.
He hungered for her love.
I was angered by his refusal to come to the party.
秘诀30
[ p ] + [ n ] = [m]
把 open ，happen 分别念为[ `EJpm]，[`hApm]，一般是在快速的谈话中比较随便、含糊的发音。这种发音，在IPA和K.K中都有。在这里不仅发生了减音的现象，而且发生了同化的现象。按照比较正规的念法，open , happen 应分别念为[ `EJpEn]，[`hApEn]，轻音节中都有一个模糊的元音[E]。但在前面有减音和同化现象的注音里，元音[E]完全省去，由此而剩下的辅音群[pn]，两个辅音的发音部位不同。[p]是双唇音，[n]是齿龈音，念起来不太方便。所以就发生了同化作用。[p]把[n]同化为双唇音[m]，这样就形成了两个双唇音的辅音群[pm]，念起来就方便多了。
He lives by his pen.
All of his dealings are in the open.
Let’s be open with each other.
I want you to be open with me about your money problems, so I canhelp you.
Do you happen to know his new telephone number?
“清”与“浊”之间的同化
当 north, south, worth三个词变为形容词时，这些词原来词尾的[W]因为受了后面元音的影响，就变成了浊音[T]：
north
[nCrW]
northern
[ `nCrTLn]
south
[sBuW]
southern
[ `sQTLn]
worth
[w*W]
worthy
[ `w*TI]
She has traveled in northern countries.
The southern half of the country is a desert.
She says help only the worthy poor.
This book is worthy of being read [ to be read ].

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