雅思高分语法

——完成时态

雅思总分要上7，语法关一定要过。今天我们就给大家介绍一个口语写作加分的高分语法，完成时态和虚拟语气。熟练掌握，上7不愁。

Perfective Aspect 有关完成时态

from http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/english-grammar/verbs/perfective-aspect

现在完成时：

We use the present perfect to show that something has continued up to the present

记得高中的时候，老师给我们划过这样的图

现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在

They’ve been married for nearly fifty years.

他们结婚已经快50年了。

She has lived in Liverpool all her life.

她一生都住在利物浦。

… or is important in the present:

或者表示目前还很重要

I’ve lost my keys. I can’t get into the house.

我丢了钥匙，进不了屋了。

Teresa isn’t at home. I think she has gone shopping.

Teresa不在家，我认为她去购物去了。

现在完成进行时：

We use the present perfect continuous to show that something has been continuing up to the present:

现在完成进行时描述的是某事一直不停持续到目前。

It’s been raining for hours.

过去几小时雨没停。

We’ve been waiting here since six o’clock this morning.

我们从早上六点就一直在这等。

过去完成时：

We use the past perfect to show that something continued up to a time in the past:

过去完成时描述的是持续到过去的一个时刻。

When George died he and Anne had been married for nearly fifty years.

当George去世的时候，和他安妮已经结婚快50年了。

... or was important at that time in the past:

或者表示在过去那个时候很重要

I couldn’t get into the house. I had lost my keys.

我当时进不去门，是因为我找不到钥匙。

Teresa wasn’t at home. She had gone shopping.

Teresa那时候不在家，她出去购物了。

过去完成进行时：

We use the past perfect continuous to show that something had been continuing up to a time in the past or was important at that time in the past:

过去完成进行时描述的是某事不停持续到过去某个时刻

Everything was wet. It had been raining for hours.

当时很湿，在此之前雨下了好几个小时。

He was a wonderful guitarist. He had been playing ever since he was a teenager.

他那时侯是一位出色的吉他手，他从十几岁就一直开始弹了。

将来完成时：

We use will with the perfect to show that something will be complete at some time in the future:

用will和完成时态组合描述某事在将来某个时刻结束。

In a few years they will have discovered a cure for the common cold.

再过几年，他们就会找到治疗普通感冒的药物。

I can come out tonight. I'll have finished my homework by then.

我今晚可以出来，预计那时候我会完成作业。

虚拟语气：

We use would with the perfect to refer to something that did not happen in the past but would have happened if the conditions had been right:

用would加完成时，描述某事事实上没有发生，但是如果情况允许的话，是会发生的。

If you had asked me I would have helped you.

如果你当时找我的话，我会帮你的。

I would have helped you, but you didn’t ask me.

你不来找我，要不然我会帮你的。

用其他情态动词加完成时，用来描述从某个时间点回顾过去（或者展望未来），某事有可能发生，应该发生，或者理应发生。

We use other modals with perfective aspect when we are looking back from a point in time when something might have happened, should have happened or would have happened.

时间点也有可能是将来某个时刻：

The point of time may be in the future:

We’ll meet again next week. We might have finished the work by then.

我们下周还会再见，到时我们可能已经完成工作了。

I will phone at six o’clock. He should have got home by then.

六点我打给你。到时他应该到家了。

时间点是现在：

the present:

It’s getting late. They should have arrived by now.

越来越晚了。他们应该到了呀。

He’s still not here. He must have missed his train.

他还没来，肯定是错过班车了。

时间点是过去：

or the past:

I wasn’t feeling well. I must have eaten something bad.

我当时不舒服。我肯定是吃错东西了。

I checked my cell phone. She could have left a message.

我当时看了手机，她可能发了一条消息。

温馨提醒：