什么是非谓语动词？（非谓语动词用法——基本概述）

         【【张利平】什么是非谓语动词？（非谓语动词用法——基本概述）】http://toutiao.com/group/6520710970791166467/?iid=15906422033&app=explore_article&timestamp=1518270742&tt_from=copy_link&utm_source=copy_link&utm_medium=toutiao_ios&utm_campaign=client_share

 非谓语动词东联现代中学　张利平

基本概述：

I.定义: 不用于做谓语的动词叫非谓语动词.

II.基本形式:

1.不定式:

不定式的基本形式

2.动名词:

动名词的基本形式

3.现在分词: 基本形式同动名词:

4.过去分词: done

III.基本特点:

1. 具有动词的部分特点: 可带自已的宾词或状语构成短语. 例如:

不定式短语: to shake hands with people in the office every morning

动名词短语: feel sorry for having done something wrong

现在分词短语: The studios are still busy today, producing more and more interesting films.

过去分词短语: In the 16-19 age group, 32% of women smoke, compared to 28% of men.

2.可与 not 构成否定式: not to do, not doing, not done.

注：(1) 不定式的否定式not 必须放在to前。

如：in order not to do sth.(正硧); not in order to do sth.(错误)

not to have done sth. (正硧); to have not done sth. (错误)

(2) 动名词的否定式not 必须放在带-ing的这个词前。

如：not being done (正硧); being not dome(错误)

not having been done(正硧); having not been done(错误)

3.不定式可与疑问词或连接词 “whether”构成短语。(起名词作用)

what to do; where to go; whether to do it;...

4.可带自己的逻辑主语,构成复合结构或独立主格结构:

for/of sb to do sth. (不定式的复合结构)

my/me //n.'s/n. doing sth (动名词的复合结构)

(with) n. pr.p./p.p (现在/过去分词的独立结构)

IV.在句中的句法功能：

非谓语动词的句法功能