说花园
Of Gardens
弗兰西斯·培根
Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Alban, QC, was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, essayist, and author. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. After his death, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.
Bacon has been called the creator of empiricism. His works established and popularised inductive methodologies for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method, or simply the scientific method. His demand for a planned procedure of investigating all things natural marked a new turn in the rhetorical and theoretical framework for science, much of which still surrounds conceptions of proper methodology today.
Bacon was knighted in 1603 (being the first scientist to receive a knighthood), and created Baron Verulam in 1618 and Viscount St. Alban in 1621.
弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）是英国杰出的哲学家和文学家。培根，作为人类思想史上的一个重要人物，作为一个伟大的思想家，他具有一种与众不同的历史地位。《培根论说文集》共收论文58篇，涉及到人生世事的方方面面，几乎人们在日常生活中所遇到的所有事都有所论及。它不是一部一气呵成的著作，而是一部经作者多年反复锤炼、推敲、修改而成的精工之作。
1597年，培根发表了他的处女作《论说随笔文集》。他在书中将自己对社会的认识和思考，以及对人生的理解，浓缩成许多富有哲理的名言警句，受到广大读者的欢迎。
1605年，培根用英语完成了两卷集《论学术的进展》。这是以知识为其研究对象的一部著作，是培根声称要以知识为其领域，全面改革知识的宏大理想和计划的一部份。培根在书中猛烈抨击了中世纪的蒙昧主义，论证了知识的巨大的作用，提示了知识不能令人满意的现状及补救的办法。在这本书中，培根提出一个有系 统的科学百科全书的提纲，对后来十八世纪的狄德罗为首的法国百科全书派编写百科全书，起了重大作用。
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GOD Almighty first planted a garden. And indeed it is the purest of human pleasures. It is the greatest refreshment to the spirits of man; without which, buildings and palaces are but gross handiworks; and a man shall ever see, that when ages grow to civility and elegancy, men come to build stately sooner than to garden finely; as if gardening were the greater perfection. I do hold it, in the royal ordering of gardens, there ought to be gardens, for all the months in the year; in which severally things of beauty may be then in season. For December, and January, and the latter part of November, you must take such things as are green all winter: holly; ivy; bays; juniper; cypress-trees; yew; pine-apple-trees; fir-trees; rosemary; lavender; periwinkle, the white, the purple, and the blue; germander; flags; orangetrees; lemon-trees; and myrtles, if they be stoved; and sweet marjoram, warm set. There followeth, for the latter part of January and February, the mezereon-tree, which then blossoms; crocus vernus, both the yellow and the grey; primroses, anemones; the early tulippa; hyacinthus orientalis; chamairis; fritellaria. For March, there come violets, specially the single blue, which are the earliest; the yellow daffodil; the daisy; the almond-tree in blossom; the peach-tree in blossom; the cornelian-tree in blossom; sweet-briar. In April follow the double white violet; the wallflower; the stock-gilliflower; the cowslip; flowerdelices, and lilies of all natures; rosemary-flowers; the tulippa; the double peony; the pale daffodil; the French honeysuckle; the cherry-tree in blossom; the damson and plum-trees in blossom; the white thorn in leaf; the lilac-tree. In May and June come pinks of all sorts, specially the blushpink; roses of all kinds, except the musk, which comes later; honeysuckles; strawberries; bugloss; columbine; the French marigold, flos Africanus; cherry-tree in fruit; ribes; figs in fruit; rasps; vineflowers; lavender in flowers; the sweet satyrian, with the white flower; herba muscaria; lilium convallium; the apple-tree in blossom. In July come gilliflowers of all varieties; musk-roses; the lime-tree in blossom; early pears and plums in fruit; jennetings, codlins. In August come plums of all sorts in fruit; pears; apricocks; berberries; filberds; musk-melons; monks-hoods, of all colors. In September come grapes; apples; poppies of all colors; peaches; melocotones; nectarines; cornelians; wardens; quinces. In October and the beginning of November come services; medlars; bullaces; roses cut or removed to come late; hollyhocks; and such like. These particulars are for the climate of London; but my meaning is perceived, that you may have ver perpetuum, as the place affords.
万能的上帝是头一个经营花园者。园艺之事也的确是人生乐趣中之最纯洁者。它是人类精神底最大的补养品，若没有它则房舍宫邸都不过是粗糙的人造品，与自然无关。再者我们常可以见到当某些时代进于文明风雅的时候，人们多是先想到堂皇的建筑而后想到精美的园亭；好象园艺是较大的一种完美似的。我以为在皇家花园底经营中，应该一年之中每个月都有花圃；在其中可以每月各有当令的美丽的花木。为了十二月，一月和十一月的下半月，你必须种植一冬常绿的东西：如冬青、常春藤、月桂、杜松、柏树、水松、波罗蜜树、枞树、迷迭香、熏衣草、长春花（白的紫的和蓝的）、石蚕花、菖蒲、香橙、柠檬、桃金娘（如果能设法保温不使受寒的话），和香茉沃剌那，不过要种在墙下向日之处才行。在这些以后，为一月底下半月和二月，应当栽培在那时发花的樱楮树、番红花、黄灰两色的都可；樱草、白头翁、早开的郁金香、荷兰风信子、小鸢尾、贝母。到了三月则有香堇菜，尤其是单瓣蓝色的那一种，它们是开得最早的；黄水仙、雏菊、杏花、桃花、山茱萸花、野蔷薇。在四月里接着来的则有双瓣的白香堇、黄紫罗兰花、香紫罗兰、黄花九轮草、蝴蝶花、各种的百合花、迷迭香、郁金香、重瓣的牡丹、淡色水仙、法国忍冬、樱花、李花和梅花、抽叶的山椃、丁香。在五月和六月里来的则有各种的石竹，尤其是娇羞石竹；各种的蔷薇，惟有那开得较晚的麝香蔷薇不在其内；忍冬、杨莓、紫草、耧斗菜、法国万寿菊、非洲万寿菊、结果实的樱桃树、醋栗、结果实的无花果树、蔗莓、葡萄花、熏衣草、开白花的香兰、百合草、铃兰、苹果花。七月间则有各种的紫罗兰、麝香蔷薇、开花的菩提树、早熟的梨与结实的李、两种早熟的林檎。八月里来的有各种结实的李树、梨、杏、伏牛花、榛子、甜瓜、各种颜色的附子。九月里来的有葡萄、苹果、各种颜色的罂粟花、桃子、半边红而肉色黄的桃子、油桃、山茱萸、冬梨、榅桲。在十月和十一月底月初则有楸子、枸杞、洋李、插枝或移植以求其晚开的蔷薇、蜀葵以及和这些一类的东西。这些花木之类都是就伦敦底气候而言的；但是我底意思是显然易见的，就是你可以按着各地方底出产而享有一种“永久的春天”也。
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