# NOT RUN {
var(1:10) # 9.166667
var(1:5, 1:5) # 2.5
## Two simple vectors
cor(1:10, 2:11) # == 1
## Correlation Matrix of Multivariate sample:
(Cl <- cor(longley))
## Graphical Correlation Matrix:
symnum(Cl) # highly correlated
## Spearman's rho and Kendall's tau
symnum(clS <- cor(longley, method = "spearman"))
symnum(clK <- cor(longley, method = "kendall"))
## How much do they differ?
i <- lower.tri(Cl)
cor(cbind(P = Cl[i], S = clS[i], K = clK[i]))
## cov2cor() scales a covariance matrix by its diagonal
## to become the correlation matrix.
cov2cor # see the function definition {and learn ..}
stopifnot(all.equal(Cl, cov2cor(cov(longley))),
all.equal(cor(longley, method = "kendall"),
cov2cor(cov(longley, method = "kendall"))))
##--- Missing value treatment:
# }
# NOT RUN {
<!-- % "everything", "all.obs", "complete.obs", "na.or.complete", "pairwise.complete.obs" -->
# }
# NOT RUN {
C1 <- cov(swiss)
range(eigen(C1, only.values = TRUE)$values) # 6.19 1921
## swM := "swiss" with 3 "missing"s :
swM <- swiss
colnames(swM) <- abbreviate(colnames(swiss), min=6)
swM[1,2] <- swM[7,3] <- swM[25,5] <- NA # create 3 "missing"
## Consider all 5 "use" cases :
(C. <- cov(swM)) # use="everything" quite a few NA's in cov.matrix
try(cov(swM, use = "all")) # Error: missing obs...
C2 <- cov(swM, use = "complete")
stopifnot(identical(C2, cov(swM, use = "na.or.complete")))
range(eigen(C2, only.values = TRUE)$values) # 6.46 1930
C3 <- cov(swM, use = "pairwise")
range(eigen(C3, only.values = TRUE)$values) # 6.19 1938
## Kendall's tau doesn't change much:
symnum(Rc <- cor(swM, method = "kendall", use = "complete"))
symnum(Rp <- cor(swM, method = "kendall", use = "pairwise"))
symnum(R. <- cor(swiss, method = "kendall"))
## "pairwise" is closer componentwise,
summary(abs(c(1 - Rp/R.)))
summary(abs(c(1 - Rc/R.)))
## but "complete" is closer in Eigen space:
EV <- function(m) eigen(m, only.values=TRUE)$values
summary(abs(1 - EV(Rp)/EV(R.)) / abs(1 - EV(Rc)/EV(R.)))
# }
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