有些人更依赖于记忆中所学的知识来做决策，另一些人则更依赖于自己的独立推理。我把第一种人称为基于记忆的学习者，第二种人叫做基于推理的思考者。当我使用“学习”这个词的时候，我打算表达的意思是“通过被他人教导而获得知识”，当使用“思考”这个词的时候，我的意思是“通过自己探索来解决问题”。基于记忆的学习者通过回忆他们所学的知识来作出决策。他们利用自己的记忆库，按照存储在那里的教导行事。这就是典型的左脑思考者。基于推理的思考者更关注所发生事情背后的原理。这就是典型的右脑思考者。当所学的知识（比如资产评估模型）与逻辑（比如全天候）发生冲突时（注：这句话我还没有理解，如果有人理解，请留言告知，十分感谢），你可以分辨出它们之间的区别。记忆型学习者会对非传统的观念持怀疑态度，因为他们习惯接受被教导的内容，而无法做出自己的判断。相反，那些更依赖推理的人不会太在意传统，而会根据观点的价值进行评估。记忆型学习者也更喜欢与共识保持一致，推理型思考者则相反。记忆型学习者更愿意维持现状，变得小心谨慎，而推理型思考者则较少受到偏见的影响，更具创新精神。学校的成绩主要与学习型思考有关，而无法反映一个人的推理能力。最有能力的学习者很容易发现，因为他们曾经是最好学校里最好的学生。而优秀的思考者却很难发现，因为真实世界很难记录下他们的思考过程。
将“学习型”和“思考型”，按照-5到+5来标记，你认为自己处在什么位置？
你对自我评估的正确性有多少信心？
原文：
Some people rely more on remembering what they were taught when making decisions, and others rely more on their independent reasoning. Let’s call the first group memory-based learners and the second group reasoning-based thinkers. When using the word “learning” I intend to convey “acquiring knowledge by being taught,” and when using the word “thinking” I mean “figuring it out for oneself.” Memory-based learners approach decision-making by remembering what they were taught. They draw on their memory banks and follow the instructions stored there. They are typically left-brained. Reasoning-based thinkers pay more attention to the principles behind what happens. They are typically right-brained. You can tell the difference when what is learned (e.g., CAPM) conflicts with what is logical (e.g., All Weather). People who rely on memory-based learning will typically be more skeptical of unconventional ideas because their process is to more readily accept what they have been told and because they are less able to assess it for themselves. Those who rely on more on reasoning won’t care much about convention and will assess ideas on their merits. Those who rely on memory-based learning also tend to align themselves with the consensus more than people who rely on reasoning. Memorybased learners are more willing to accept the status quo, while reasoning-based thinkers are less biased by it. They are more likely to be innovative, while those who rely on learning are likelier to be cautious. Performance in school will correlate well with the quality of one’s learning-based thinking, but will not reliably correlate with one’s reasoning-based thinking. The most able learners are easily found, since they are, or were, the best students from the best schools. The best thinkers are tougher to find, as there are no obvious funnels through which they pass, especially before they develop track records in the “real world.”
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