wxPython:文件对话框wx.FileDialog

本节看一下文件对话框的使用，先看实例，再介绍具体知识点。

代码：

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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
'''''
Function:绘图
Input：NONE
Output: NONE
author: socrates
blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/dyx1024/
date:2012-07-14
'''
import wx
import cPickle
import os
class PaintWindow(wx.Window):
def __init__(self, parent, id):
wx.Window.__init__(self, parent, id)
self.SetBackgroundColour("Red")
self.color = "Green"
self.thickness = 10
#创建一个画笔
self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID)
self.lines = []
self.curLine = []
self.pos = (0, 0)
self.InitBuffer()
#连接事件
self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_DOWN, self.OnLeftDown)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_LEFT_UP, self.OnLeftUp)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MOTION, self.OnMotion)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.OnSize)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_IDLE, self.OnIdle)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.OnPaint)
def InitBuffer(self):
size = self.GetClientSize()
#创建缓存的设备上下文
self.buffer = wx.EmptyBitmap(size.width, size.height)
dc = wx.BufferedDC(None, self.buffer)
#使用设备上下文
dc.SetBackground(wx.Brush(self.GetBackgroundColour()))
dc.Clear()
self.DrawLines(dc)
self.reInitBuffer = False
def GetLinesData(self):
return self.lines[:]
def SetLinesData(self, lines):
self.lines = lines[:]
self.InitBuffer()
self.Refresh()
def OnLeftDown(self, event):
self.curLine = []
#获取鼠标位置
self.pos = event.GetPositionTuple()
self.CaptureMouse()
def OnLeftUp(self, event):
if self.HasCapture():
self.lines.append((self.color,
self.thickness,
self.curLine))
self.curLine = []
self.ReleaseMouse()
def OnMotion(self, event):
if event.Dragging() and event.LeftIsDown():
dc = wx.BufferedDC(wx.ClientDC(self), self.buffer)
self.drawMotion(dc, event)
event.Skip()
def drawMotion(self, dc, event):
dc.SetPen(self.pen)
newPos = event.GetPositionTuple()
coords = self.pos + newPos
self.curLine.append(coords)
dc.DrawLine(*coords)
self.pos = newPos
def OnSize(self, event):
self.reInitBuffer = True
def OnIdle(self, event):
if self.reInitBuffer:
self.InitBuffer()
self.Refresh(False)
def OnPaint(self, event):
dc = wx.BufferedPaintDC(self, self.buffer)
def DrawLines(self, dc):
for colour, thickness, line in self.lines:
pen = wx.Pen(colour, thickness, wx.SOLID)
dc.SetPen(pen)
for coords in line:
dc.DrawLine(*coords)
def SetColor(self, color):
self.color = color
self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID)
def SetThickness(self, num):
self.thickness = num
self.pen = wx.Pen(self.color, self.thickness, wx.SOLID)
class PaintFrame(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
self.title = "Paint Frame"
wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, -1, self.title, size = (800, 600))
self.paint = PaintWindow(self, -1)
#状态栏
self.paint.Bind(wx.EVT_MOTION, self.OnPaintMotion)
self.InitStatusBar()
#创建菜单
self.CreateMenuBar()
self.filename = ""
def InitStatusBar(self):
self.statusbar = self.CreateStatusBar()
#将状态栏分割为3个区域,比例为1:2:3
self.statusbar.SetFieldsCount(3)
self.statusbar.SetStatusWidths([-1, -2, -3])
def OnPaintMotion(self, event):
#设置状态栏1内容
self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"鼠标位置：" + str(event.GetPositionTuple()), 0)
#设置状态栏2内容
self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"当前线条长度：%s" % len(self.paint.curLine), 1)
#设置状态栏3内容
self.statusbar.SetStatusText(u"线条数目：%s" % len(self.paint.lines), 2)
event.Skip()
def MenuData(self):
'''''
菜单数据
'''
#格式：菜单数据的格式现在是(标签, (项目))，其中：项目组成为：标签, 描术文字, 处理器, 可选的kind
#标签长度为2，项目的长度是3或4
return [("&File", ( #一级菜单项
("&New", "New paint file", self.OnNew), #二级菜单项
("&Open", "Open paint file", self.OnOpen),
("&Save", "Save paint file", self.OnSave),
("", "", ""), #分隔线
("&Color", (
("&Black", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO), #三级菜单项，单选
("&Red", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO),
("&Green", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO),
("&Blue", "", self.OnColor, wx.ITEM_RADIO))),
("", "", ""),
("&Quit", "Quit", self.OnCloseWindow)))
]
def CreateMenuBar(self):
'''''
创建菜单
'''
menuBar = wx.MenuBar()
for eachMenuData in self.MenuData():
menuLabel = eachMenuData[0]
menuItems = eachMenuData[1]
menuBar.Append(self.CreateMenu(menuItems), menuLabel)
self.SetMenuBar(menuBar)
def CreateMenu(self, menuData):
'''''
创建一级菜单
'''
menu = wx.Menu()
for eachItem in menuData:
if len(eachItem) == 2:
label = eachItem[0]
subMenu = self.CreateMenu(eachItem[1])
menu.AppendMenu(wx.NewId(), label, subMenu) #递归创建菜单项
else:
self.CreateMenuItem(menu, *eachItem)
return menu
def CreateMenuItem(self, menu, label, status, handler, kind = wx.ITEM_NORMAL):
'''''
创建菜单项内容
'''
if not label:
menu.AppendSeparator()
return
menuItem = menu.Append(-1, label, status, kind)
self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, handler,menuItem)
def OnNew(self, event):
pass
def OnOpen(self, event):
'''''
打开开文件对话框
'''
file_wildcard = "Paint files(*.paint)|*.paint|All files(*.*)|*.*"
dlg = wx.FileDialog(self, "Open paint file...",
os.getcwd(),
style = wx.OPEN,
wildcard = file_wildcard)
if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
self.filename = dlg.GetPath()
self.ReadFile()
self.SetTitle(self.title + '--' + self.filename)
dlg.Destroy()
def OnSave(self, event):
'''''
保存文件
'''
if not self.filename:
self.OnSaveAs(event)
else:
self.SaveFile()
def OnSaveAs(self, event):
'''''
弹出文件保存对话框
'''
file_wildcard = "Paint files(*.paint)|*.paint|All files(*.*)|*.*"
dlg = wx.FileDialog(self,
"Save paint as ...",
os.getcwd(),
style = wx.SAVE | wx.OVERWRITE_PROMPT,
wildcard = file_wildcard)
if dlg.ShowModal() == wx.ID_OK:
filename = dlg.GetPath()
if not os.path.splitext(filename)[1]: #如果没有文件名后缀
filename = filename + '.paint'
self.filename = filename
self.SaveFile()
self.SetTitle(self.title + '--' + self.filename)
dlg.Destroy()
def OnColor(self, event):
'''''
更改画笔内容
'''
menubar = self.GetMenuBar()
itemid = event.GetId()
item = menubar.FindItemById(itemid)
color = item.GetLabel() #获取菜单项内容
self.paint.SetColor(color)
def OnCloseWindow(self, event):
self.Destroy()
def SaveFile(self):
'''''
保存文件
'''
if self.filename:
data = self.paint.GetLinesData()
f = open(self.filename, 'w')
cPickle.dump(data, f)
f.close()
def ReadFile(self):
if self.filename:
try:
f = open(self.filename, 'r')
data = cPickle.load(f)
f.close()
self.paint.SetLinesData(data)
except cPickle.UnpicklingError:
wx.MessageBox("%s is not a paint file."
% self.filename, "error tip",
style = wx.OK | wx.ICON_EXCLAMATION)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = wx.PySimpleApp()
frame = PaintFrame(None)
frame.Show(True)
app.MainLoop()

测试：

1、保存对话框：

2、打开对话框：

知识点介绍：

wx.FileDialog原型：

wxFileDialog(wxWindow* parent, const wxString& message = "Choose a file", const wxString& defaultDir = "", const wxString&defaultFile = "", const wxString& wildcard = "*.*", long style = wxFD_DEFAULT_STYLE, const wxPoint& pos = wxDefaultPosition,const wxSize& sz = wxDefaultSize, const wxString& name = "filedlg")

方法：

wxFileDialog::wxFileDialog
wxFileDialog::~wxFileDialog
wxFileDialog::GetDirectory
wxFileDialog::GetFilename
wxFileDialog::GetFilenames
wxFileDialog::GetFilterIndex
wxFileDialog::GetMessage
wxFileDialog::GetPath
wxFileDialog::GetPaths
wxFileDialog::GetWildcard
wxFileDialog::SetDirectory
wxFileDialog::SetFilename
wxFileDialog::SetFilterIndex
wxFileDialog::SetMessage
wxFileDialog::SetPath
wxFileDialog::SetWildcard
wxFileDialog::ShowModal

参数：

parentParent window.
messageMessage to show on the dialog.
defaultDirThe default directory, or the empty string.
defaultFileThe default filename, or the empty string.
wildcard

Note that the native Motif dialog has some limitations with respect to wildcards; see the Remarks section above.

styleA dialog style. See wxFD_* styles for more info.
posDialog position. Not implemented.
sizeDialog size. Not implemented.
name

附:Style取值

wxFD_DEFAULT_STYLE	Equivalent to wxFD_OPEN.
wxFD_OPEN	This is an open dialog; usually this means that the default button's label of the dialog is "Open". Cannot be combined with wxFD_SAVE.
wxFD_SAVE	This is a save dialog; usually this means that the default button's label of the dialog is "Save". Cannot be combined with wxFD_OPEN.
wxFD_OVERWRITE_PROMPT	For save dialog only: prompt for a confirmation if a file will be overwritten.
wxFD_FILE_MUST_EXIST	For open dialog only: the user may only select files that actually exist.
wxFD_MULTIPLE	For open dialog only: allows selecting multiple files.
wxFD_CHANGE_DIR	Change the current working directory to the directory where the file(s) chosen by the user are.
wxFD_PREVIEW	Show the preview of the selected files (currently only supported by wxGTK using GTK+ 2.4 or later).

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