题源文章精讲之历史文化类（1）

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本文选自【纽约客】：过劳死：日本工作文化的必然！

背景知识  每天工作12小时，这对于世界上许多的国家，以及许多的职业而言都是难以想象的事。可在日本这个国家，在时间的沉淀下形成的工作文化，却使得每天工作超过12小时都不是事。可想而知，在如此高强度的超时劳作下，人们的身体受到了多大的摧残。而过劳死正是由这种工作文化而衍生的必然发展趋势。近年大幅增加的过劳死人数又能否给日本人民敲响警钟，亦或者促使当局出台相应政策已改变此种情形？

         1 “In a Japanese workplace, overtime work is always there. It’s almost as if it is part of scheduled working hours,” said Koji Morioka, an emeritus professor at Kansai University who is on a committee of experts advising the government on ways to combat karoshi. 2 “It’s not forced by anyone, but workers feel it like it’s compulsory.” 3 While the basic workweek is 40 hours, many workers don’t put in for extra hours for fear of being given a bad performance evaluation. 4 This has led to the concept of “service overtime” — “service” being Japanese for “free.”

        5 This relentless schedule has led to karoshi — either from a fatal heart attack or stroke, or a suicide triggered by overwork — becoming a recognized cause of death. 6 Labor ministry figures show that 189 deaths were classified this way last year, although experts think the actual number is in the thousands.

【词汇】

scheduled    /'s?edju:?ld/    adj. 严格按时间表安排的

emeritus    /?'mer?t?s/     adj. 退休的

karoshi    /k?'r????/    n. 过劳死

compulsory    /k?m'p?ls(?)r?/     adj. 必须做的，强制性的

evaluation    /??v?lj??e???n/     n. 评估，评价

relentless    /r?'lentl?s/     adj. 残酷的，不留情的

fatal    /'fe?t(?)l/    adj. 致命的

stroke    /str??k/    n. 中风

suicide     /'s(j)u??sa?d/     n. 自杀

trigger    /'tr?g?/     v. 引发

classify    /'kl?s?fa?/    v. 分类

【知识点】

1、lead to    导致

【逐句精讲】

1 “In a Japanese workplace, overtime work is always there. It’s almost as if it is part of scheduled working hours,” said Koji Morioka, an emeritus professor at Kansai University who is on a committee of experts advising the government on ways to combat karoshi. 

分析 本句主干是said Koji Morioka。引号内是宾语从句；who引导的从句修饰an emeritus professor。

翻译 “在日本职场中加班太常见了，就好像原本的工作时间就该这么长一样。”关西大学的退休教授盛冈浩二表示，他所在的专家委员会为政府提供咨询协助解决过劳死问题。

2 “It’s not forced by anyone, but workers feel it like it’s compulsory.” 

分析 引号内容接上句，依然是宾语从句，从句主干是It’s not forced, but workers feel it like。

翻译 “没有任何人逼你，但员工感觉这么做是必须的。”

3 While the basic workweek is 40 hours, many workers don’t put in for extra hours for fear of being given a bad performance evaluation. 

分析 本句主干是many workers don’t put in for extra hours。

翻译 每周基本上班时间应该是40小时，很多职员并不是因为害怕工作表现得到差评才超时工作的。

4 This has led to the concept of “service overtime” — “service” being Japanese for “free.”

分析 本句主干是This has led to the concept。

翻译 这是出于“超时服务”的观念——而“服务”则意味着“免费”。

     

5 This relentless schedule has led to karoshi — either from a fatal heart attack or stroke, or a suicide triggered by overwork — becoming a recognized cause of death. 

分析 本句主干是This relentless schedule has led to karoshi。

翻译 残酷的工作日程导致了过劳死——要么是致命的心脏病、中风，要么是因为加班导致的自杀——这已经成为一项被统计计入的死因。

6 Labor ministry figures show that 189 deaths were classified this way last year, although experts think the actual number is in the thousands.

分析 本句主干是Labor ministry figures show that。that引导的宾语从句中主干是189 deaths were classified this way。although引导的从句表让步。

翻译 日本劳工部的统计数据表示，去年有过189例过劳导致的死亡，但专家认为实际数据应该上千。

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