定语从句
在复合句中作定语，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
中考如何考察：
1.定语从句的功能和结构。
2.关系代词和关系副词分类以及它们的用法和区别。
考查的主要形式是单项选择题，在完形填空、阅读理解和书面表达中也会间接的考查到定语从句。
1.定语从句的功能和结构。
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定于从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。
例如：
He is the singer that/whom I like.
他是我喜欢的那个歌手。
I still remember the night when I first met you.
我始终记得当初见到你的那一晚。
2.关系代词和关系副词的句法功能。
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词在定语从句中充当主要成分，可作主语、宾语、定语。关系副词在定语从句中充当次要成分，可作状语。
(1)关系代词做主语。
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
我不喜欢那些只说不做的人。
The cars which are produced in Shandong Province sell very well.
山东产的汽车销量很好。
(2)关系代词做宾语。
She is the girl that I met at the school gate yesterday.
她是昨天我在学校门口见到的那个小女孩儿。
The book that he gave me is called Gone with the wind.
他给我的那本书叫《飘》
(3)关系代词作定语。
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
爸爸是老师的那个小女孩儿学习很努力。
(4)关系副词做状语。
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
我永远都不会忘记我来北京的那一天。
This is the house where I was born.
这是我出生的那个房子。
3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法。
(1) who指人，在定语从句中做主语。
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
打坏窗子的人必须要赔偿。
The boy who is wearing a red shirt is very clever.
那个穿着红色衬衫的小男孩很聪明。
(2)whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the party?
你认识那个我们在派对上遇到的年轻人么？
(3)whose指人，在定语从句中作定语。
The girl whose mother is ill is crying.
妈妈生病的那个小女孩儿正在哭。
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
我认识那个爸爸是教授的男孩儿。
(4)which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
词典是给予单词意思的书。
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
这是老师昨天提到的那本书。
(5)that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。
I’ve read the newspaper that/which carries the important news.
我读过那个含有重要新闻的报纸了。
Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
那边正在读书的人是谁？
(6)when指时间，在定语从句中做状语。
I’ll never forget the time when we worked together.
我永远忘不了我们一起共事的那段时间。
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
他到达北京的那天我正好离开。
(7)where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。
This is the house where we lived last year.
这是我们去年住的房子。
4.关系代词whom，which在定语从句中做介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间。有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom，which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面。
例如：
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.
=That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
这是我们住了十年的房间。
5.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
(1)只能使用that，不用which的情况：
①先行词是all，few，little，nothing，everything，anything等不定代词时。
All that he said is true.
他所说的都是真实的。
②先行词被only，no，any，all等词修饰时。
He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
他是唯一一个去过那个地方的外国人。
③先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。
He was the second person that told me the secret.
他是第二个告诉我这个秘密的人。
④先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
This is the best book that I have read this year.
这是我今年读到的最好的书。
⑤先行词既包括人又包括物时。
He talked about the people and the things (that) he remembered.
他说了他所记得的人和物。
(2)只能用which，不用that的情况：
①在非限制性定语从句中。
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
会议被推迟了，这是我们所希望的。
②定语从句由“介词+关系代词”引导，先行词是物时。
The thing about which he is talking is of great important.
他所谈论的那件事情非常重要。
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