BBC音乐杂志评选的最伟大20部交响曲

BBC音乐杂志问询全球151名著名指挥家，得出这份“史上最伟大的20部交响曲”的榜单。

布鲁克纳《第七交响曲》

Bruckner - Symphony No. 7 (1883)

1883年，布鲁克纳的《第七交响曲》被誉为杰作。

这部作品充满了灵光乍现的时刻，最吸引人的是精彩的结尾部分，闪闪发光的琴声和史诗般的号角涌动，直至音乐欢快地结束。

推荐版本：Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra/Bernard Haitink

1. Allegro moderato Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra;Bernard Haitink - Bruckner: The Symphonies (9 CDs)

2. Adagio (Sehr feierlich und sehr langsam) Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra;Bernard Haitink - Bruckner: The Symphonies (9 CDs)

3. Scherzo (Sehr schnell) Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra;Bernard Haitink - Bruckner: The Symphonies (9 CDs)

4. Finale (Bewegt, doch nicht schnell) Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra;Bernard Haitink - Bruckner: The Symphonies (9 CDs)

贝多芬《第六交响曲》

Beethoven - Symphony No. 6 (1808)

贝多芬的《田园交响曲》是对自然的终极赞美诗！

贝多芬爱好自然，用大半时间踏遍郊野。他曾在书信中说：“我在灌木、大树、草坪和岩石间行走的时候，是多么快乐啊！因为树丛、花草和岩石，都能给人以共鸣。”

推荐版本：London Classical Players/Sir Roger Norrington

Symphony No. 6 in F Op. 68, 'Pastoral': I. Allegro ma non troppo (Awakening of cheerful feelings on arriving in the country) London Classical Players;Sir Roger Norrington - Beethoven: Symphonies & Concertos.

Symphony No. 6 in F Op. 68, 'Pastoral': II. Andante molto moto (Scene by the brook) London Classical Players;Sir Roger Norrington - Beethoven: Symphonies & Concertos.

Symphony No. 6 in F Op. 68, 'Pastoral': III. Allegro (Merry gathering of the country folk) - London Classical Players;Sir Roger Norrington - Beethoven: Symphonies & Concertos.

Symphony No. 6 in F Op. 68, 'Pastoral': IV. Allegro (Storm and tempest) - London Classical Players;Sir Roger Norrington - Beethoven: Symphonies & Concertos.

Symphony No. 6 in F Op. 68, 'Pastoral': V. Allegretto (Shepherds' Song. Happy and thankful feelings after the storm) London Classical Players;Sir Roger Norrington - Beethoven: Symphonies & Concertos.

勃拉姆斯《第二交响曲》

Brahms - Symphony No. 2 (1877)

这部作品写于1877年夏天，呈现出阳光明媚、宁静安详的景象，被称为勃拉姆斯的“田园”。

推荐版本: London Philharmonic Orchestra/Pierre Monteux

I. Allegro non troppo (第一乐章不太快的快板) Pierre Monteux;San Francisco Symphony - Brahms: Symphony No. 2 in D Major, Op. 73

II. Adagio non troppo (第二乐章不太慢的柔板) Pierre Monteux;San Francisco Symphony - Brahms: Symphony No. 2 in D Major, Op. 73

III. Allegro grazioso (第三乐章优美的快板) Pierre Monteux;San Francisco Symphony - Brahms: Symphony No. 2 in D Major, Op. 73

IV. Allegro con spirito (第四乐章有精神的快板) Pierre Monteux;San Francisco Symphony - Brahms: Symphony No. 2 in D Major, Op. 73

肖斯塔科维奇《第五交响曲》

Shostakovich - Symphony No. 5 (1937)

1936年1月，肖斯塔科维奇的歌剧《姆钦斯克郡的马克白夫人》令斯大林勃然大怒，他的音乐被指责为“形式主义”，不符合苏联社会主义文化要求，这使得肖斯塔科维奇一度陷入困境。肖斯塔科维奇决定另撰写一部交响乐，以作回应。

首演时，许多观众被这部作品感动得热泪盈眶，观众起立鼓掌将近半个小时。

推荐版本: BBC National Orchestra of Wales/Mark Wigglesworth

I. Moderato BBC National Orchestra Of Wales;Mark Wigglesworth - SHOSTAKOVICH, D.: Symphonies Nos. 5, 6 and 10 (BBC National Orchestra of Wales, Wigglesworth)

II. Allegretto BBC National Orchestra Of Wales;Mark Wigglesworth - SHOSTAKOVICH, D.: Symphonies Nos. 5, 6 and 10 (BBC National Orchestra of Wales, Wigglesworth)

III. Largo BBC National Orchestra Of Wales;Mark Wigglesworth - SHOSTAKOVICH, D.: Symphonies Nos. 5, 6 and 10 (BBC National Orchestra of Wales, Wigglesworth)

IV. Allegro non troppo BBC National Orchestra Of Wales;Mark Wigglesworth - SHOSTAKOVICH, D.: Symphonies Nos. 5, 6 and 10 (BBC National Orchestra of Wales, Wigglesworth)

贝多芬《第七交响曲》

Beethoven - Symphony No. 7 (1812)

《第七交响曲》像一只躁动不安的野兽，充满了令人不安的活力。

推荐版本: Staatskapelle Berlin/Daniel Barenboim

I. Poco sostenuto, Vivace (第一乐章持续的行板，活泼的快板) Berliner Staatskapelle;Daniel Barenboim - Beethoven: Symphony No. 7 & No. 8

II. Allegretto (第二乐章小快板) Berliner Staatskapelle;Daniel Barenboim - Beethoven: Symphony No. 7 & No. 8

III. Presto (第三乐章急板) Berliner Staatskapelle;Daniel Barenboim - Beethoven: Symphony No. 7 & No. 8

IV. Allegro con brio (第四乐章有活力的快板) Berliner Staatskapelle;Daniel Barenboim - Beethoven: Symphony No. 7 & No. 8

莫扎特《第40交响曲》

Mozart - Symphony No.40 (1788)

这是最为世人所熟知的莫扎特的作品，是莫扎特的代表作之一。

推荐版本: Scottish Chamber Orchestra/Sir Charles Mackerras

I. Molto allegro Scottish Chamber Orchestra - Mozart Symphonies 38-41

II. Andante Scottish Chamber Orchestra - Mozart Symphonies 38-41

III. Menuetto Allegretto (第三乐章小步舞曲小快板) Scottish Chamber Orchestra - Mozart Symphonies 38-41

IV. Finale Allegro assai Scottish Chamber Orchestra - Mozart Symphonies 38-41

西贝柳斯《第七交响曲》

Sibelius - Symphony No.7 (1924)

西贝柳斯的这部交响曲在交响乐发展史上具有相当高的历史地位。这也是他最清晰、最深刻的音乐作品之一。

推荐版本: Lahti Symphony Orchestra/Osmo Vanska

Symphony No. 7 in C Major, Op. 105 Lahti Symphony Orchestra;Osmo Vänskä - SIBELIUS: Symphonies Nos. 6 and 7 / Tapiola

布鲁克纳《第八交响曲》

Bruckner - Symphony No.8 (1887/1890)

布鲁克纳在这部作品中，用音乐表现了他对尘世的渴望，对天国的憧憬，他的焦虑，他对生命的热爱和对死亡的敬畏，而这一切又最终得以升华。

推荐版本: Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra/Riccardo Chailly

1. Allegro moderato Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra;Riccardo Chailly - Bruckner: Symphony No.8

2. Scherzo: Allegro moderato - Trio: Langsam Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra;Riccardo Chailly - Bruckner: Symphony No.8

3. Adagio: Feierlich langsam Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra;Riccardo Chailly - Bruckner: Symphony No.8

4. Finale: Feierlich, nicht schnell Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra;Riccardo Chailly - Bruckner: Symphony No.8

勃拉姆斯《第三交响曲》

Brahms - Symphony No.3 (1883)

勃拉姆斯用这部作品向舒曼致敬，当勃拉姆斯把乐谱发给克拉拉时，她说这是一部“美妙的作品”。

推荐版本: Gewandhaus Orchestra/Riccardo Chailly

I. Allegro con brio - Un poco sostenuto - Tempo I Gewandhausorchester Leipzig;Riccardo Chailly - Brahms: The Symphonies

II. Andante Gewandhausorchester Leipzig;Riccardo Chailly - Brahms: The Symphonies

III. Poco allegretto Gewandhausorchester Leipzig;Riccardo Chailly - Brahms: The Symphonies

IV. Allegro Gewandhausorchester Leipzig;Riccardo Chailly - Brahms: The Symphonies

贝多芬《第五交响曲》

Beethoven - Symphony No.5 (1808)

“命的敲门声”。贝多芬的秘书安东·辛德勒这样形容，他在贝多芬死后多年写道：作曲家自己指着第一乐章的开头：“看，命运在敲门！”

推荐版本: Vienna Philharmonic/Carlos Kleiber

1. Allegro con brio Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra;Carlos Kleiber - Beethoven: Symphony No.5

2. Andante con moto Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra;Carlos Kleiber - Beethoven: Symphony No.5

3. Allegro (第3首快板) Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra;Carlos Kleiber - Beethoven: Symphony No.5

4. Allegro (第4首快板) Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra;Carlos Kleiber - Beethoven: Symphony No.5

马勒《第三交响曲》

Mahler - Symphony No. 3 (1896)

马勒的这首作品首演时，在评论界中既受赞扬亦受辱骂，某些评论者被这首作品的庞大规模困扰不安。

推荐版本: Bamberg Symphony Orchestra/Jonathon Nott

I. Kraftig - Entschieden Bamberg Symphony Orchestra;Jonathan Nott - MAHLER, G.: Symphony No. 3 (M. Fujimura, Bamberg Symphony Chorus and Orchestra, Nott)

II. Tempo di menuetto. Sehr massig Bamberg Symphony Orchestra;Jonathan Nott - MAHLER, G.: Symphony No. 3 (M. Fujimura, Bamberg Symphony Chorus and Orchestra, Nott)

III. Comodo. Scherzando. Ohne Hast Bamberg Symphony Orchestra;Jonathan Nott - MAHLER, G.: Symphony No. 3 (M. Fujimura, Bamberg Symphony Chorus and Orchestra, Nott)

IV. Sehr langsam. Misterioso Mihoko Fujimura;Bamberg Symphony Orchestra;Jonathan Nott - MAHLER, G.: Symphony No. 3 (M. Fujimura, Bamberg Symphony Chorus and Orchestra, Nott)

V. Lustig im Tempo und keck im Ausdruck Mihoko Fujimura;Bamberg Cathedral Children's Choir;Bamberg Symphony Chorus;Bamberg Symphony Orchestra - MAHLER, G.: Symphony No. 3 (M. Fujimura, Bamberg Symphony Chorus and Orchestra, Nott)

VI. Langsam. Ruhevoll. Empfunden Bamberg Symphony Orchestra;Jonathan Nott - MAHLER, G.: Symphony No. 3 (M. Fujimura, Bamberg Symphony Chorus and Orchestra, Nott)

柴科夫斯基《第六交响曲》

Tchaikovskyahler - Symphony No. 6 (1893)

柴科夫斯基《第六交响曲》，是一部经过生与死的痛苦斗争，最终以绝望而告终的作品！

推荐版本: Leningrad Philharmonic/Evgeny Mravinsky（两个版本）

Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Op. 74 'Pathétique': I. Adagio. Allegro non troppo Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra;Evgeny Mravinsky - Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 'Pathétique', Evgeny Mravinsky vs. Antal Dorati (Compare 2 Versions)

Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Op. 74 'Pathétique': II. Allegro con grazia Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra;Evgeny Mravinsky - Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 'Pathétique', Evgeny Mravinsky vs. Antal Dorati (Compare 2 Versions)

Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Op. 74 'Pathétique': III. Allegro molto vivace Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra;Evgeny Mravinsky - Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 'Pathétique', Evgeny Mravinsky vs. Antal Dorati (Compare 2 Versions)

Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Op. 74 'Pathétique': IV. Adagio lamentoso Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra;Evgeny Mravinsky - Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 'Pathétique', Evgeny Mravinsky vs. Antal Dorati (Compare 2 Versions)

Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Op. 74 'Pathétique': I. Adagio. Allegro non troppo London Symphony Orchestra;Phillip Dresden - Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 'Pathétique', Evgeny Mravinsky vs. Antal Dorati (Compare 2 Versions)

Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Op. 74 'Pathétique': II. Allegro con grazia London Symphony Orchestra;Phillip Dresden - Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 'Pathétique', Evgeny Mravinsky vs. Antal Dorati (Compare 2 Versions)

Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Op. 74 'Pathétique': III. Allegro molto vivace London Symphony Orchestra;Phillip Dresden - Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 'Pathétique', Evgeny Mravinsky vs. Antal Dorati (Compare 2 Versions)

Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, Op. 74 'Pathétique': IV. Adagio lamentoso London Symphony Orchestra;Phillip Dresden - Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 'Pathétique', Evgeny Mravinsky vs. Antal Dorati (Compare 2 Versions)

勃拉姆斯《第一交响曲》

Brahms - Symphony No. 1 (1876)

勃拉姆斯的《第一交响曲》证明了他是贝多芬当之无愧的接班人！这部作品让他断断续续地奋斗了20年，同时也让他获得了一流的音乐成就。

推荐版本: Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique/Gardiner

Brahms Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 68 I. Un poco sostenuto - Allegro Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique - Brahms Symphony 1

Brahms Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 68 II. Andante sostenuto Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique - Brahms Symphony 1

Brahms Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 68 Un poco allegretto e grazioso Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique - Brahms Symphony 1

Brahms Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 68 Adagio - Più andante - Allegro non troppo, ma con brio Orchestre Révolutionnaire et Romantique - Brahms Symphony 1

柏辽兹《幻想交响曲》

Berlioz - Symphony Fantastique (1830)

法国作曲家柏辽兹《幻想交响曲》这部作品的灵感来源于他疯狂爱上莎士比亚戏剧女演员哈莉叶特·康斯坦斯·史密逊。时至今日，这部作品仍广受欢迎。

推荐版本: Mahler Chamber Orchestra/Marc Minkowski

1. Rêveries. Passions (Largo - Allegro agitato ed appassionato assai) Marc Minkowski - Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique / Herminie

2. Un bal (Valse: Allegro non troppo) Marc Minkowski - Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique / Herminie

3. Scène aux champs (Adagio) Marc Minkowski - Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique / Herminie

4. Marche au supplice (Allegretto non troppo) Marc Minkowski - Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique / Herminie

5. Songe d'une nuit du Sabbat (Larghetto - Allegro - Ronde du Sabbat: Poco meno mosso) Marc Minkowski - Berlioz: Symphonie fantastique / Herminie

勃拉姆斯《第四交响曲》

Brahms - Symphony No.4 (1885)

勃拉姆斯这部形式近乎完美的《第四交响曲》，忧郁、简朴，有着巴洛克风格。

推荐版本: London Philharmonic Orchestra/Marin Alsop

I. Allegro non troppo London Philharmonic Orchestra;Marin Alsop - BRAHMS: Symphony No. 4 / Hungarian Dances Nos. 2, 4-9 (orch. Breiner)

II. Andante moderato London Philharmonic Orchestra;Marin Alsop - BRAHMS: Symphony No. 4 / Hungarian Dances Nos. 2, 4-9 (orch. Breiner)

III. Allegro giocoso - Poco meno presto (第三乐章戏谑的快板 - 不久，很快) London Philharmonic Orchestra;Marin Alsop - BRAHMS: Symphony No. 4 / Hungarian Dances Nos. 2, 4-9 (orch. Breiner)

IV. Allegro energico e passionato - Più allegro London Philharmonic Orchestra;Marin Alsop - BRAHMS: Symphony No. 4 / Hungarian Dances Nos. 2, 4-9 (orch. Breiner)

马勒《第二交响曲》

Mahler - Symphony No.2 (1894)

这是除马勒最成功而且最受欢迎的交响曲。

1894年，著名指挥汉斯·冯·彪罗与世长辞，马勒去参加他的葬礼，听到教堂响起的赞美诗“复活”，为他创作该曲增添了灵感。

推荐版本: Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra/Mariss Jansons

I. Allegro maestoso Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra;Mariss Jansons - MAHLER, G.: Symphony No. 2, 'Resurrection' (Merbeth, Fink, Netherlands Radio Choir, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Jansons)

II. Andante moderato Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra;Mariss Jansons - MAHLER, G.: Symphony No. 2, 'Resurrection' (Merbeth, Fink, Netherlands Radio Choir, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Jansons)

III. In ruhig fliessender Bewegung Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra;Mariss Jansons - MAHLER, G.: Symphony No. 2, 'Resurrection' (Merbeth, Fink, Netherlands Radio Choir, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Jansons)

IV. Urlicht Bernarda Fink;Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra;Mariss Jansons - MAHLER, G.: Symphony No. 2, 'Resurrection' (Merbeth, Fink, Netherlands Radio Choir, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Jansons)

V. Finale: Im Tempo des Scherzos Ricarda Merbeth;Bernarda Fink;Netherlands Radio Choir;Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra - MAHLER, G.: Symphony No. 2, 'Resurrection' (Merbeth, Fink, Netherlands Radio Choir, Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, Jansons)

马勒《第九交响曲》

Mahler - Symphony No.9 (1909)

马勒《第九交响曲》1912年6月，由维也纳爱乐管弦乐团作首演，当时马勒已经离世，没法亲临首演。这也是马勒唯一一首在完成初稿后未作任何修改的作品。

推荐版本: Berlin Philharmonic/Herbert von Karajan

I. Andante comodo (第一乐章舒适的行板) Berliner Philharmoniker;Herbert von Karajan - Mahler: Symphony No. 9, Kindertotenlieder, Rückert-Lieder

II. Im Tempo eines gemächlichen Ländler, Etwas täppisch und sehr derb, Poco più mosso subito - Ländler - ganz langsam (第二乐章从容不迫的兰德勒舞曲速度，带点笨拙而非常粗糙的，突然更快一点 - 兰德勒舞曲 - 非常缓慢的) Berliner Philharmoniker;Herbert von Karajan - Mahler: Symphony No. 9, Kindertotenlieder, Rückert-Lieder

III. Rondo - Burleske, Allegro assai, Sehr trotzig, Presto (第三乐章回旋曲 - 戏谑的，很快的快板，非常顽固的，急板) Berliner Philharmoniker;Herbert von Karajan - Mahler: Symphony No. 9, Kindertotenlieder, Rückert-Lieder

IV. Adagio, Sehr langsam (第四乐章柔板，很非常缓慢的) Berliner Philharmoniker;Herbert von Karajan - Mahler: Symphony No. 9, Kindertotenlieder, Rückert-Lieder

莫扎特《第41交响曲》

Mozart - Symphony No.41 (1788)

这首作品又名“朱庇特交响曲”，是莫扎特创作的最后一首交响曲。

推荐版本: Orchestra Mozart/Claudio Abbado

1. Allegro vivace (Live) Orchestra Mozart;Claudio Abbado - The Symphony Edition

2. Andante cantabile (Live) Orchestra Mozart;Claudio Abbado - The Symphony Edition

3. Menuetto (Allegretto) (Live) Orchestra Mozart;Claudio Abbado - The Symphony Edition

4. Molto allegro (Live) Orchestra Mozart;Claudio Abbado - The Symphony Edition

贝多芬《第九交响曲》

Beethoven - Symphony No.9 (1824)

《欢乐颂》是贝多芬完成的最后一部交响曲，也是贝多芬最杰出的作品。

末乐章的歌词来源德国诗人席勒的《欢乐颂》中部分诗句改编而成。

推荐版本: Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment/Charles Mackerras

I. Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso (第一乐章轻快但不过甚，少许庄严地) Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment - Beethoven: Symphony No. 9, Choral

II. Molto vivace (第二乐章非常活泼) Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment - Beethoven: Symphony No. 9, Choral

III. Adagio molto e cantabile (第三乐章如歌的柔板) Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment - Beethoven: Symphony No. 9, Choral

IV. Presto (第四乐章急板) Orchestra of the Age of Enlightenment - Beethoven: Symphony No. 9, Choral

贝多芬《第三交响曲》

Beethoven - Symphony No.3 (1803)

贝多芬《第三交响曲》是音乐史上的里程碑式，作品规模宏大、充沛有力、情感丰富，是贝多芬最为钟爱的作品之一。

贝多芬原是将这首作品献给拿破仑，因拿破仑称帝，贝多芬愤而改为“纪念一位英雄人物”。

推荐版本: Chamber Orchestra of Europe/Nikolaus Harnoncourt

I. Allegro con brio (第一乐章有活力的快板) Chamber Orchestra of Europe;Nikolaus Harnoncourt - Beethoven: Symphonies Nos. 1 & 3 'Eroica'

II. Marcia funebre - Adagio assai (第二乐章葬礼进行曲 - 很慢的柔板) Chamber Orchestra of Europe;Nikolaus Harnoncourt - Beethoven: Symphonies Nos. 1 & 3 'Eroica'

III. Scherzo - Allegro vivace (第三乐章谐谑曲 - 活泼的快板) Nikolaus Harnoncourt;Chamber Orchestra of Europe - Beethoven: Symphonies Nos. 1 & 3 'Eroica'

IV. Finale - Allegro molto (第四乐章终曲 - 很快的快板) Chamber Orchestra of Europe;Nikolaus Harnoncourt - Beethoven: Symphonies Nos. 1 & 3 'Eroica'

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