【技术】?页岩气压裂液成分概况

对于每个裂缝，将近40000加仑化学试剂被加入其中。压裂液一般会使用3到12种化学成分不等，其中主要成分如下：

1. 酸（硫酸或者醋酸），用于压裂前期清洗等通途。

2. 氯化钠（盐），降低高分子链断裂速度。

3. 聚丙烯酰胺等降低液体间摩擦力的东西增加流体稳定性

4. 乙二醇，减少管内沉积物

5. 硼酸盐，当升温的时候稳定粘度用。

6. 碳酸钾，稳定交联剂。

7. 抗微生物剂和戊二醛等保持水质的材料。

8. 瓜尔豆胶，水溶性胶体增加液体粘性

9. 柠檬酸，防腐蚀

10. 异丙醇，防冻

Source From Wikipedia：

Water is mixed with sand and chemicals tocreate fracking fluid. Approximately 40,000 gallons of chemicals are used perfracturing. A typical fracture treatment uses between 3 and 12 additivechemicals.[47] Although there may be unconventional fracturing fluids, typicalchemical additives can include one or more of the following:

Acids—hydrochloric acid or acetic acid isused in the pre-fracturing stage for cleaning the perforations and initiatingfissure in the near-wellbore rock.

Sodium chloride (salt)—delays breakdown ofgel polymer chains.

Polyacrylamide and other friction reducersdecrease turbulence in fluid flow and pipe friction, thus allowing the pumps topump at a higher rate without having greater pressure on the surface.

Ethylene glycol—prevents formation of scaledeposits in the pipe.

Borate salts—used for maintaining fluidviscosity during the temperature increase.

Sodium and potassium carbonates—used formaintaining effectiveness of crosslinkers.

Anaerobic, Biocide, BIO—Glutaraldehyde usedas disinfectant of the water (bacteria elimination).

Guar gum and other water-soluble gellingagents—increases viscosity of the fracturing fluid to deliver proppant into theformation more efficiently.

Citric acid—used for corrosion prevention.

Isopropanol—used to winterize the chemicalsto ensure it doesn't freeze.