美式发音练习

In this American English pronunciation video, we're going to take a look at the question: Is the Flap T really a D sound?
在这个美式英语发音视频中，我们要来看一下这个问题：闪音T真的是一个D音吗？
It's not unusual for people to ask my why I say the flap T is a D sound.They will say it's not the same as a D sound in, for example, 'day.'
经常会有人问我，为什么我会说闪音T是一个D音。他们会说，比如，它和单词“day”里面的D音不一样。
My answer to them: you're right.But, the Flap T, or T between vowels, is the same as a D between vowels.
我给他们的回答是：你说的对。但是，闪音T，或者是元音中间的T，它和元音中间的D是一样的。
So basically what I'm saying is that a D between vowels is not the same sound as the D in other cases, though they both use the same IPA symbol.
所以，大致来说，我的意思是，在元音中间的D和在其他情况下的D是不一样的，即使在国际音标里，它们用的是相同的符号。
Let's take a look at an example word: 'dad.'For that beginning D, there is a stop: 'dd, dd.'
让我们来看一下示例单词：“dad”。对于这个词首的D，有一处停顿：'dd, dd.'
D is a stop consonant, so I let air build up a little bit in my throat -- 'dd, dd, dd, dd' -- and then release it.
D是一个停顿辅音，所以我让气流在我的喉咙里聚积了一下——'dd, dd, dd, dd'——然后再释放出来。

It's the same with a D at the end of the word, though a little more subtle.'Dd, dd, Dad-d-d', but you can still hear, 'dad-d-d', there is a stop.
它和词尾的D是一样的，但是要更模糊一点。'Dd, dd, Dad-d-d'，但是你仍然能够听到，'dad-d-d'，有一处停顿。
Well, let's take a slightly different word, 'Daddy.'Now we have a D sound between two vowels.'Daddy, Daddy.'
好了，让我们来看一个稍微不同的单词，“Daddy”。现在，这个D音在两个元音中间。'Daddy, Daddy.'
I'm going to stretch out the vowel sound before and after to make that D more noticeable.
我要把D音之前和之后的元音拉长，以此来使这个D音更加明显。
'Daaaaaadyyyy.'Did you hear a stop?There wasn't one.'Daaaaaadyyyy.'
'Daaaaaadyyyy.'你听到停顿了吗？并没有停顿。'Daaaaaadyyyy.'
Between vowels, or after an R and before a vowel, it's a different sound, because there isn't a stop.
在元音中间，或者在R之后、元音之前，它是一个不同的音，因为没有停顿。
If I pronounced both D's with a stop, it would sound like this: 'dad-dy, dad-dy.'
如果我发这两个D音的时候都停顿一下，它听起来就像这样：'dad-dy, dad-dy.'
But it doesn't. It sounds like 'daddy, uhh', no stop in the airflow.This is true of the Flap T as well.
但它不是这样的。它听起来像'daddy, uhh'，气流中没有停顿。这同样适用于闪音T。
As I said before, if you look up the word 'daddy' in a dictionary, both of the D sounds, though different, will have the same symbol.
就像我之前说过的那样，如果你在一本词典中查找单词“daddy”，尽管两个音是不同的，但它们的符号是相同的。
This is why I have chosen to say that Flap T is just like the D sound -- it is like one kind of D sound, the D between vowels.
这就是为什么我选择说闪音T就像是D音一样——它像是D音中的一种，也就是元音中间的D音。
So, 'matter' equals 'madder'. Pronounced the same way.When we pronounce a T or D this way, it smooths out speech.
所以，“matter”就等于“madder”。它们的发音方式是一样的。当我们这样发T音或D音时，它能够使我们的讲话更加通顺。
It takes out a stop, which is why you'll hear so many Americans flap their T's.
它没有停顿，这就是为什么你会听到这么多美国人发闪音T。
We love to smooth out the line.So, this was a long explanation about why I use the (d) symbol for a Flap T.
我们喜欢把句子读得通顺一些。所以，关于为什么我要使用(d)符号来表示闪音T，这是很长的一段解释。
The most important thing to take from this video, though, is that both the T and D between vowels, or after an R and before a vowel, don't have a stop component.
但是，这个视频里最重要的一点就是，在元音中间的T音和D音，或者在R之后、元音之前的T音和D音，它们都没有停顿。
They do not interrupt the flow of the line, they smooth out the speech.One last comment.
它们不会打断整个句子，它们会使讲话更通顺。最后说一句。
Sometimes, regarding the Flap T, I'll get a comment from a student.That sounds like an R sound to me. It is an R sound?
有时候，关于闪音T，我会收到来自学生的评论。对于我来说，它听起来就像是一个R音。它是R音吗？
Well, depending on your native language, yes, it is.The alveolar flap is in many languages, usually represented by the letter R.
取决于你的母语，是的，它是一个R音。齿槽闪音存在于很多语言当中，通常用字母R来表示。
For example, Arabic, Japanese, Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Turkish, to name a few.So you may ask, why don't I use that IPA symbol?
举几个例子，比如，阿拉伯语、日语、韩语、葡萄牙语、西班牙语、土耳其语。所以，你可能会问，为什么我不用那个国际音标的符号呢？
Two reasons: you won't see that symbol in a dictionary of American English.
有两个原因：在一本美式英语的词典中，你找不到那个符号。
And, I'm not fluent enough in any of those languages to say: yes, definitely, I know it is absolutely the exact same movement of the tongue,
并且，在那些语言的任何一个当中，我都达不到足够流利的程度来说：是的，绝对是，我知道，对于这个音来说，舌头的动作完全一样，
touching exactly the same spot at the roof of the mouth.
舌头在上颚接触的位置完全相同。
So whether it is exactly the same sound or just very close, it may be very useful for you to think of the Flap T or D between vowels as the R sound from your native language.
所以，不论它是完全相同的音，还是非常接近，把元音中间的闪音T或D音当作你母语中的R音，这可能对你来说非常有用。
But, just keep in mind that it is not at all related to the R sound in American English.
但是，要记住，它和美式英语中的R音一点关系都没有。
'RRRR', where you can hold out that sound, and the front part of the tongue must not touch the roof of the mouth.
“RRRR”，在美式英语中，你可以发出这个音，而舌头前面的部分不能接触上颚。
That's it, and thanks so much for using Rachel's English.
这次的学习就到这里，非常感谢使用Rachel's English。